For many natural and agricultural landscapes, vegetation partially covers the ground surface, resulting in significant variations in soil heat flux between interspace areas and underneath vegetation. This is particularly apparent in arid and semiarid regions where vegetation cover is low and clustered or ‘clumped’ with large areas of exposed soil. Surface heterogeneity presents significant chal...

Traditional land surface models (LSMs) used for numerical weather simulation, climate projection, and as inputs to water management decision support systems, do not treat the LSM lower boundary in a fully process-based fashion. LSMs have evolved from a leaky-bucket approximation to more sophisticated land surface water and energy budget models that typically have a specified bottom layer flux t...

The classical problem of heat conduction in one dimension on a composite ring is examined. The problem is formulated using the heat equation with periodic boundary conditions. We provide an explicit solution of this problem using the Method of Fokas. The location of the interfaces is known, but neither temperature nor heat flux are prescribed there. Instead, the physical assumption of continuit...

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), an atmospheric region near the Earth's surface, is affected by surface forcing and is important for studying air quality, climate, and weather forecasts. In this study, long-term urban nocturnal boundary layers (NBLs) were estimated by an elastic backscatter light detection and ranging (LiDAR) with various methods in Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.4° E), a city in Cen...

Transport-relaxation equations for seventeen moments are derived from the linearized Boltzmann equation for a monatomic gas. Besides the well-known thirteen moments (i. e. density n, tempera­ ture T, velocity v, heat flux q, friction pressure tensor p), one additional scalar A and one ad­ ditional vector A are taken into account. In steady state, differential equations for T, v, A and constitut...

Numerical simulations of laminar, forced convection heat transfer for reciprocating, twodimensional channel flows are performed as a function of the penetration length, Womersley (a) and Prandtl (Pr) numbers. The numerical algorithm is based on a spectral element formulation, which enables high-order spatial resolution with exponential decay of discretization errors, and second-order time-accur...

Numerical investigation of compressible flows in constant area ducts becomes substantially complicated when the surface roughness and heat flux conditions simultaneously act as independent and considerable boundary conditions that create significant influences on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. This article presents GAS-DYN v2.0, a specialized software package, capable of handling n...

Original scientific paper This paper shows a thermal and tension analysis of a brake disc for railway vehicles. The FEM (Finite Element Method) was used to carry out the analysis. The analysis deals with one cycle of braking – braking from maximum velocity to a standstill, cooling off faze and then accelerating to maximum velocity and again braking to a standstill. This case of braking represen...