We have investigated the crystal structure, surface morphology, and electrical conductance of Cu films grown on H-terminated Si~100!. The films were grown by thermal evaporation at 10 Torr, at deposition rates from 0.1 to 3.5 nm/s and at substrate temperatures from room temperature up to 200 °C. Typical film thicknesses were ;100 nm. Epitaxial growth was verified by x-ray diffraction for films ...

[1] Comparison of the land surface skin temperature (LST) from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Global Forecast System (GFS) against satellite and in situ data in summer 2007 indicates that the GFS has a large and cold bias in LST over the arid western continental United States (CONUS) during daytime. This LST bias contributes to large errors in simulated sat...

The effect of nanoroughness on contact angles and pinning is investigated experimentally and numerically for low-energy surfaces. Nanoroughness is introduced by chemical vapor deposition of tetraethoxysilane and was quantified by scanning force microscopy. Addition of a root-mean-square roughness of 2 nm on a flat surface can increase the contact angle after fluorination by a semifluorinated si...

When a droplet hits surface fast enough, splashing can occur: smaller secondary droplets detach from the main during impact. While on smooth surfaces is by now well understood, roughness also affects at which impact velocity splashes. In this study, influence of investigated. By changing root mean square impacted surface, we show that only affected when large enough to disrupt spreading lamella...

introduction: bleaching process can affect surface roughness of enamel, which is a vital factor in esthetic and resistance of tooth. the aim of this study was to compare surface roughness of enamel in teeth bleached using diode and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (nd: yag) lasers with those bleached using conventional method. methods: in this study, 75 anterior human teeth from upper a...

Abstract In this paper, an alternative selective dry etching of p-GaN over InAlN was studied as a function the ICP source powers, RF chuck powers and process pressure by using inductively coupled plasma reactive ion (ICP RIE) system. A recipe only BCI 3 -based with resulting selectivity 13.5 for in respect to demonstrated. Surface roughness measurements depending on time performed atomic force ...

The spatiotemporal distribution of soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the regional water cycle and climate change. In this paper, the surface soil moisture in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau is estimated from time-series VV-polarized Sentinel-1A observations by coupling the water cloud model (WCM) and the advanced integral equation model (AIEM). The vegetatio...