This study highlights the impacts of the surface variability on Land-Atmosphere interactions using multi-scale atmospheric simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting model capacities, coupled with NOAH land surface model and Kusaka et al. (2001) urban canopy model. The 30-m resolution numerical datasets for land-use and topography are respectively given by National Land-Cover Dataset...

Current techniques of water wave visualisation such as shadowgraphy and stereophotography are widely used but are deficient in many aspects. Refraction based visualisation observes the bending of light as it traverses across a water wave -air interface. This work describes the continued development of techniques to measure the surface height of a liquid free surface. The method utilizes refract...

Verfahren erzielt wird. Inspection of Specular Surfaces with Inverse Patterns The application of inverse patterns to fast and robust mirror surface evaluation is shown. In a well controlled environment, one observes via the mirror surface a screen onto which a well-defined pattern is displayed. Evaluation of the deflected pattern is used to determine surface defects of the object under test. In...

enough to be of much assistance in geologic mappmg. The Martinsburg shales which flank several of the Jacksonburg aress on the northwest are quite insoluble, and form hills that rise from 100 to 300 feet above the Jacksonburg level. In some parts of the county the break in slope at the base of the shale hills in&c&s clearly the contact between the Jacksonburg and Martinsburg formations. In othe...

Scanning ion conductance microscopy imaging of battery electrodes, using the geometry shown in the figure, is a tool for in situ nanoscale mapping of surface topography and local ion current. Images of silicon and tin electrodes show that the combination of topography and ion current provides insight into the local electrochemical phenomena that govern the operation of lithium ion batteries.

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission being considered by NASA has, as one of its main objectives, to measure ocean topography with centimeter scale accuracy over kilometer scale spatial resolution. This paper investigates the impact of ocean waves on SWOT’s projected performance. Several effects will be examined: volumetric decorrelation, aliasing of ocean waves, backscattering...

Micro manipulations of objects between 10μm and 1mm by contact are often disturbed by adhesion between the handled object and the gripper. This is due to the presence of the surface forces which overcome gravity and prevent the release of the object. Capillary, electrostatic and van der Waals forces are the main surface forces responsible for this adhesive phenomenon. Several factors may influe...

Objectives To examine the surface topography of intact WaveOne (WO; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) and WaveOne Gold (WOG; Dentsply Sirona Endodontics) nickel-titanium rotary files and to evaluate the presence of alterations to the surface topography after root canal preparations of severely curved root canals in molar teeth. Materials and Methods Forty-eight severely curved canals of extracted ...