Technology and societal changes are moving the global market rapidly towards a new economic order rooted in e-commerce. Hence, assessing and monitoring the e-readiness of a nation has become an increasing challenge. This paper proposes a framework to evaluate the e-readiness of a nation based on eight factors: digital infrastructure, macro economy, ability to invest, knowledgeable citizens, com...

aim of this study is to determine the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome by maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (msafp) level. we followed 295 pregnant women from msafp screening in the 14th to 22th week of gestation until the end of pregnancy and information on pregnancy outcome have been recorded in questionnaires. of 295 pregnant women, 270 had term labor and 25 had preterm labor. the frequencie...

background: various reasons accounted for the infection of infants kept at neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). expressed breast milk may be regarded as a source of infection in infants. this study investigated the source of bacterial contamination and the impact of educational interventions on the contamination of mothers’ expressed breast milk (ebm) level whose infants are hospitalized at nic...

how to cite this article:  nazari sh, moradi n, sadeghi koupaei mt. evaluation of the effects of psychotherapy on anxiety among mothers of children with leukemia. iran j child neurol. 2014 winter; 8(1):52-57.   objective children with leukemia and their families face a long period of medical treatment and uncertainty about the future. these families may suffer from short- and long-term emotiona...

Recently, a new surrogate method, the Small–Shuffle (SS) surrogate method, has been proposed to investigate whether there is some kind of dynamics in irregular fluctuations, even if they are modulated by long term trends or periodicities. This situation is theoretically incompatible with the assumption underlying previously proposed surrogate methods. We apply the SS surrogate method to a varie...

In this supplementary section, we describe the Iterated Amplitude Adjusted Fourier Transform (IAAFT) method. This method was adapted for the construction of surrogate glial activities (see ‘Surrogate method’ section in the main text). The IAAFT is known for its applications in physics [1, 2] as well as econometrics [3, 4]. Described below is the procedure for a single loop of IAAFT. Let {G(t)}t...

Background Native T1 mapping is becoming established to help diagnose and monitor myocardial disease. The reproducibility of T1 mapping has not been well characterized, despite the important implications both for interpreting serial clinical studies, and for sample size calculation for surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. The SCMR consensus statement recommends measuring T1 in 2 imaging views...

BACKGROUND There is common belief among some medical researchers that if a potential surrogate endpoint is highly correlated with a true endpoint, then a positive (or negative) difference in potential surrogate endpoints between randomization groups would imply a positive (or negative) difference in unobserved true endpoints between randomization groups. We investigate this belief when the pote...

Introduction. Legionella is frequently detected in Dental Unit Waterlines (DUWLs). Although such a high occurrence is not necessarily associated with high risk for Legionnaire’s disease among patients and staff, it is prudent to monitor DUWLs for Legionella periodically. Since this procedure is long and expensive, surrogate markers are frequently

It is commonly believed that the correlations between stock returns increase in high volatility periods. We investigate how much of these correlations can be explained using conditional averages within a simple onefactor description. Using surrogate data with the true market return as the dominant factor, we show that most of these correlations can be accounted for. However, more subtle effects...