To build a quantum computer, you need to pull off a delicate balancing act. Whatever objects embody the qubits must preserve their quantum coherence—which requires isolation. But the qubits must also be stored, initialized, entangled, manipulated, and read out—which requires violating their isolation and spawns errors. Schemes have been devised to correct those errors (see the article by John P...

Innovation is a core part of software development companies, frequently determined by organizational design variables including structure, capacity for learning, for change and adaptation. Agile software methods have evolved as approaches to promote agility and innovativeness in software development organizations. However, little research has examined organizational innovativeness and its relat...

Major breakthroughs have recently been reported that can help overcome two inherent drawbacks of NMR: the lack of sensitivity and the limited memory of longitudinal magnetization. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) couples nuclear spins to the large reservoir of electrons, thus making it possible to detect dilute endogenous substances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resona...

Formal and informal institutions, such as laws and social norms, are pervasive in daily life. They help maintain cooperation by coordinating and constraining individuals’ behaviors. However, our understanding of the comparative benefits and the endogenous emergence of institutions remains limited. Here, we study the emergence and performance of sanctioning institutions in a public goods context...

Interictal spiking is seen in the EEG of epileptic patients between seizures. To date, the roles played by interictal events in seizure occurrence and in epileptogenesis remain elusive. While interictal spikes may herald the onset of electrographic seizures, experimental data indicate that hippocampus-driven interictal events prevent seizure precipitation. Even less clear than the role of inter...

Water resources development for human needs has come at a significant cost to the natural functioning of aquatic and riparian ecosystems in the United States and around the world. The construction of hundreds of thousands of dams nationally and globally and the extensive human transformation of land cover have greatly modified the magnitude, timing, and duration of river flows that have histori...

The effect of applying auxiliary pulses to the address electrode during the sustain period on the discharge characteristics of an AC plasma display panel was investigated. When auxiliary pulses of IOOV and 250wIz were applied to the address electrode during the sustain period, the maximum sustain. voltage was found to decrease by 14% while the minimum sustain voltage increased by 15% when compa...