In Mexico, zero tolerance regulation is practiced regarding Salmonella in food products. the presence of which is verified by the procedure described in NOM 114-SSA-1994. During the period between August 2002 and March 2003, 245 food samples were tested using this procedure in the Central Laboratories of the Department of Health for the State of Jalisco (CEESLAB). Of these 245 samples, 35 showe...

Swarmalators have emerged as a new paradigm for dynamical collective behavior of multi-agent systems due to the interplay synchronization and swarming that they inherently incorporate. Their dynamics been explored with different coupling topologies, interaction functions, external forcing, noise, competitive interactions, from other important viewpoints. Here we take systematic approach review ...

Most agent-based modeling techniques generate one trajectory per run, greatly under-sampling the space of possible trajectories. Swarming agents that interact through digital pheromones can explore many alternative futures in parallel, based on an interpretation of pheromone fields as probability fields that yields more information from them than swarming models usually yield, and also facilita...

BACKGROUND Many investigators have recognised that a significant proportion of environmental bacteria exist in a viable but non-culturable state on agar plates, and some researchers have also noticed that some of such bacteria clearly recover their growth on matrices other than agar. However, the reason why agar is unsuitable for the growth of some bacteria has not been addressed. METHODOLOGY...

The use of swarming Tylenchorhynchus martini nematodes provided a rapid and efficient in vitro method for the study of nematode orientation mechanisms as affected by chemical stimuli. Orientation of the nematodes occurred in concentration gradients diffusing from agar discs containing 0.05, 0.1, 0.25 M of both AlCln and CdCL>, and 0.25 M of NH..C1. Attraction of the nematodes did not occur at t...

Salmonella enterica utilizes flagellar motility to swim through liquid environments and on surfaces. The biosynthesis of the flagellum is regulated on various levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, we investigated the motility phenotype of 24 selected single gene deletions that were previously described to display swimming and swarming motility effects. Muta...

In this study, we describe wosA, a Proteus mirabilis gene identified by its ability to increase swarming motility when overexpressed. At various times during the swarming cycle, the increased expression of wosA resulted in a 4- to 16-fold upregulation of the transcription of flhDC, encoding the master regulator of the flagellar cascade. In turn, the expression of flaA, encoding flagellin, was s...

Geospatial data is often used to predict or recommend movements of robots, people , or animals (“walkers”). Analysis of such systems can be combinatorially explosive. Each decision that a walker makes generates a new set of possible future decisions, and the tree of possible futures grows exponentially. Complete enumeration of alternatives is out of the question. One approach that we have found...

Swarm intelligence is a fascinating area for the researchers in the field of optimization. Researchers have developed many algorithms by simulating the swarming behavior of various creatures like ants, honey bees, fishes, birds and their findings are very motivating. In this paper, a new approach for optimization is proposed by modeling the social behavior of spider monkeys. Spider monkeys have...