The scaling laws that control the efficiency of converting ground-based HF power to ELF power by using modulation of the polar electrojet current is discussed. The analysis is based on kinetic calculations of the modification of the ionospheric conductivity by HF waves in conjunction with the experimental results reported from the Tromso Max Planck and the Alaska high power auroral simulation (...

Current hexahedral mesh generation techniques rely on a set of meshing tools, which when combined with geometry decomposition leads to an adequate mesh generation process. Of these tools, sweeping tends to be the workhorse algorithm, accounting for at least 50 per cent of most meshing applications. Constraints which must be met for a volume to be sweepable are derived, and it is proven that the...

Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has become an integral part in logistic operations which determines optimal routes for several vehicles to serve customers. The basic version of VRP is Capacitated VRP (CVRP) which considers equal capacities for all vehicles. The objective of CVRP is to minimize the total traveling distance of all vehicles to serve all the customers. Various methods are used to sol...

This paper presents an improved scheme to compensate nonlinear phase path contamination when the backscattered signal propagates through the ionosphere in high-frequency skywave radar systems. The ionospheric variation often causes the spread of the ocean clutter spectrum in the frequency domain. The energy of the first-order component of ocean clutter dominates in Doppler spectrum, and thus it...

Of the many cues that could be used to gauge selfmotion, auditory cues seem to be the least studied. Listeners could potentially use either a sweep of rising sound intensity to judge their self-motion towards an object or conversely use a sweep of falling sound intensity to judge their motion away from an object. Whether the sweep is rising or falling the listener must judge both the change in ...

BACKGROUND Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique widely used worldwide to improve gas exchange. Changes in ECMO settings affect both oxygen and carbon dioxide. The impact on oxygenation can be followed closely by continuous pulse oximeter. Conversely, carbon dioxide equilibrates much slower and is not usually monitored directly. METHODS We investigated the time to stabiliz...

Robotic coverage is the problem of moving a sensor or actuator over all points in a given region. Ultimately, we want a coverage path that minimizes some cost such as time. We take the approach of decomposing the coverage region into subregions, selecting a sequence of those subregions, and then generating a path that covers each subregion in turn. In this paper, we focus on generating decompos...

We describe a novel buffering technique for increasing the A-scan rate of swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) systems employing low duty cycle swept source lasers. This technique differs from previously reported buffering techniques in that it employs a fast optical switch, capable of switching in 60 ns, instead of a fused fiber coupler at the end of the buffering stage, and is th...