The aim of this study is to show that the measures derived from Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals many a time perform better than the same measures obtained from heart rate (HR) signals. A comparison was made to investigate how far the nonlinear symbolic dynamics approach helps to characterize the nonlinear properties of ECG signals and HR signals, and thereby discriminate between normal and cong...

A decoding rule is presented which minimizes the probability of symbol error over a time-discrete memoryless channel for any linear error-correcting code when the code words are equiprobable. The complexity of this rule varies inversely with code rate, making the technique particularly attractive for high rate codes. Examples are given for both block and convolutional codes.

For m≥2, we study derivations on symbol algebras of degree m over fields with characteristic not dividing m. A differential central simple algebra a field k is split by finitely generated extension k. certain algebras, provide explicit construction splitting and give bounds their algebraic transcendence degrees. We further analyze maximal subfields that algebras.