As the advanced functional materials, silver nanoparticles are potentially useful in various fields such as photoelectric, bio-sensing, catalysis, antibacterial and other fields, which are mainly based on their various properties. However, the properties of silver nanoparticles are usually determined by their size, shape, and surrounding medium, which can be modulated by various synthesis metho...

The concept of synthetic gradient introduced by Jaderberg et al. (2016) provides an avant-garde framework for asynchronous learning of neural network. Their model, however, has a weakness in its construction, because the structure of their synthetic gradient has little relation to the objective function of the target task. In this paper we introduce virtual forward-backward networks (VFBN). VFB...

In situ hybridization histochemistry is a useful method for localizing specific mRNA and studying the regulation of gene expression in an anatomical context. Previously, classical recombinant DNA and microbiological techniques have been required to identify and nick-translate the cloned DNAs necessary for in situ hybridization experiments. These requirements can be circumvented by the use of sy...

Expert judgment (or expert elicitation) is a formal process for eliciting judgments from subject-matter experts about the value of a decision-relevant quantity. Judgments in the form of subjective probability distributions are obtained from several experts, raising the question how best to combine information from multiple experts. A number of algorithmic approaches have been proposed, of which...

Parametric imaging procedures ooer the possibility of comprehensive assessment of tissue metabolic activity. Estimating variances of these images is important for the development of inference procedures in a diagnostic setting. Unfortunately, the complexity of the radio-tracer models used in the generation of a parametric image makes analytic variance expressions intractable. A natural extensio...

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introduction : solubility of root filling materials is heavily influenced by the environment they are in contact with. this study compared the solubility of proroot mta in deionized water and synthetic tissue fluid. materials & methods: forty specimens of prepared mta were immersed in deionized water and synthetic tissue fluid (20 samples each). the solubility was assessed after 7 and 28 days. ...