Murine dendritic cells (DCs) expressing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) catabolize tryptophan and can suppress T cell responses elicited in vivo. Here, we identify specific subsets of splenic (CD11c+) dendritic cells competent to mediate IDO-dependent T cell suppression following CTLA4-mediated ligation of B7 molecules. IDO-competent DC subsets acquired potent and dominant T cell suppressive ...

Like αβ T cells, human γδ T cells also have different subsets with distinct characteristics. Whether human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have functionally different subsets in response to influenza A (fluA) viruses remains unknown. In this study, we show for the first time that both central (CD45RA(-)CD27(+)) and effector (CD45RA(-)CD27(-)) memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have similar levels of immediate interferon (IF...

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been considered negative regulators of immune response, by inhibiting anti-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating regulatory T (Tregs). Among several B-cell subsets, IL-10 producing Bregs regulate effector T-cell responses, inhibit Th1 Th17 cell differentiation, convert cells, including CD4 CD8, into Tregs. Recent evidence suggests the protective role in T-cell-...

Pancreatic tumors are rich in immune cell infiltrates that include CD4+ T-cell subsets encompassing both regulatory T cells and TH17 cells. Rather than protecting the organism by exerting an anticancer effect, these T-cell subsets promote tumor formation. Thus, re-activation of antitumor immunity should be investigated for use in pancreatic cancer prevention and therapy.