In situ transmission electron microscopy study of electric field-induced cracking has been conducted on ^001& oriented 0.65Pb~Mg1/3Nb2/3!O3 – 0.35PbTiO3 crystal. Fracture of the 90° domain boundary was directly observed in the tetragonal area under both static and alternating electric fields. The field strength required to induce domain boundary cracking was lower for alternating electric field...

A coupled reactor/furnace simulation has been conducted for a 100 kt/a SL-II naphtha cracking furnace containing both long-flame and radiation burners. The computational fluid dynamics approach was used to simulate the flow, combustion and radiative heat transfer in the furnace. The software packages COILSIM1D and SimCO were used to account for the cracking process in the reactor coils. The sim...

Catalytic cracking of butene to propylene was carried out in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor over HZSM-5 catalysts modified by nickel and phosphorus. The structure and acidity of catalysts were measured by N2 adsorption, NH3-TPD and XPS. The results revealed that surface area and strong acid sites both decreased with increasing phosphorus loadings. The increment of phosphorus loadings reduc...

The modeling of thermal reaction furnaces of Sulfur Recovery Units (SRUs) is a rather complex problem since it involves different modeling scales such as the kinetic/molecular scale, the reactor scale, and the chemical process scale. This work introduces the multi-scale modeling approach to characterize the kinetic and reaction engineering scales for the thermal section of SRUs, involving the r...

Surface reflection can be used as one quality assurance procedure to inspect the defects, cracking, and other irregularities occurring on a polished surface. In this paper, we present a novel approach to the detection of defects based on analysis of surface reflection images. In this approach, the surface image is analyzed using texture analysis based on Gabor-filtering. Gabor-filters can be us...

The filling of strand corrosion products during concrete crack propagation is investigated experimentally in the present paper. The effects of stirrups on the filling of corrosion products and concrete cracking are clarified. A prediction model of crack width is developed incorporating the filling proportion of corrosion products and the twisting shape of the strand. Experimental data on cracki...

This paper presents data from a preliminary investigation on the neurophysiological changes that occur when a person attempts to crack a password. A password cracking scenario was provided to a small cohort of university students and while they were attempting to crack into the password, their EEG was recorded. The results indicate that the overall frontal lobe power (at electrode position F7) ...

This paper presents a mixed finite element model for the nonlinear time-dependant analysis of composite beams with partial shear connection. The key idea is to consider, as a first approach, a viscoelastic/plastic model for the concrete slab in order to simulate the interaction between the time effects of concrete, such as creep and shrinkage, and the concrete cracking. Creep is taken into acco...

Various authors have suggested behavioural similarities between tool use in early hominins and chimpanzee nut cracking, where nut cracking might be interpreted as a precursor of more complex stone flaking. In this paper, we bring together and review two separate strands of research on chimpanzee and human tool use and cognitive abilities. Firstly, and in the greatest detail, we review our recen...

An analytical approach with the help of numerical simulations based on the equivalent constraint model (ECM) was proposed to investigate the progressive failure behavior of symmetric fiber-reinforced composite laminates damaged by transverse ply cracking. A fracture criterion was developed to describe the initiation and propagation of the transverse ply cracking. This work was also concerned wi...