Xiphinema llanosum n. sp. and Trophurus vultus n. sp. are described and illustrated from grass soils in Llanos Orientales, Colombia. Xiphinema llanosum is a bisexual species. The female body length is 2.3-2.7 mm, odontostyle 86-96 mum, and odontophore 58-65 mum long; vulva at 42-47%; anterior ovary is absent; the anterior uterus and oviduct are similar to the posterior branch but slightly reduc...

The Müller-Lyer illusion is a classical geometric illusion in which the apparent (perceived) length of a line depends on whether the line terminates in an arrow tail or arrowhead. This effect may be caused by economic compensation for the gap between the physical stimulus and visual fields. Here, we show that the Müller-Lyer illusion can also be produced by the foraging patterns of garden ants ...

BACKGROUND Though the importance of the transmembrane mucin MUC1 in mammary oncogenesis has long been recognized, the relative contributions of the cytoplasmic tail and tandem repeat domains are poorly understood. METHODS To address this, mouse models of mammary carcinogenesis were created expressing full-length, cytoplasmic tail-deleted, or tandem repeat-deleted MUC1 constructs. RESULTS Ov...

This paper describes and illustrates two new nematode species of the genus Eutobrilus found in Lake Baikal. tsalolikhini sp. nov. is most similar to E. mirandus obesus body size spicules length. It differs from its thicker body, longer outer labial setae, larger stoma, more supplements. a shorter tail, farther location vulva anterior end, olkhonensis fortis godlewskii supplements but both tail ...

Vinculin plays a pivotal role in cell adhesion and migration by providing the link between the actin cytoskeleton and the transmembrane receptors, integrin and cadherin. We used a combination of electron microscopy, computational docking, and biochemistry to provide an atomic model of how the vinculin tail binds actin filaments. The vinculin tail actin binding site comprises two distinct region...

Motivated by the increasing interest in powerful short channel codes for low-latency ultra-reliable communications, we analyze the performance of tail-biting convolutional codes with different memories, block lengths and code rates over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. The analysis is carried out both through Monte Carlo simulations and by upper bounding the error probability via Polt...

BACKGROUND Post-copulatory sexual selection has been shown to shape morphology of male gametes. Both directional and stabilizing selection on sperm phenotype have been documented in vertebrates in response to sexual promiscuity. METHODOLOGY Here we investigated the degree of variance in apical hook length and tail length in six taxa of murine rodents. CONCLUSIONS Tail sperm length and apica...

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has emerged as an excellent 2D model system because of its two inequivalent, direct-gap valleys that lead to exotic bound and excited states. Here we focus on one such bound state, the negatively charged trion. Unlike excitons, trions can radiatively decay with non-zero momentum by kicking out an electron, resulting in an asymmetric trion photoluminescence ...

Listeria monocytogenes is driven through infected host cytoplasm by a comet tail of actin filaments that serves to project the bacterium out of the cell surface, in pseudopodia, to invade neighboring cells. The characteristics of pseudopodia differ according to the infected cell type. In PtK2 cells, they reach a maximum length of approximately 15 microm and can gyrate actively for several minut...

The tail tape measure protein (TMP) of tailed bacteriophages (also called phages) dictates the tail length and facilitates DNA transit to the cell cytoplasm during infection. Here, a thorough mutational analysis of the TMP from lactococcal phage TP901-1 (TMPTP901-1) was undertaken. We generated 56 mutants aimed at defining TMPTP901-1 domains that are essential for tail assembly and successful i...