Constructed wetlands (CWs) had been widely used to treat the tailwater from sewage treatment plants. However, enduring effectiveness of CWs was still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed investigate chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies (RE) Hongze CW (HZ-CW) after multi-years’ operation. The average COD RE were 7.6% 15.14% in 4t...

The perceived depth of regions within a stereogram lacking explicit disparity information can be captured by the surface structure of regions where disparity is explicit: stereo capture. In two experiments, observers estimated surface curvature/depth of an untextured object (a 'ribbon') superimposed on a cylinder textured with dots, the cylinder curvature being defined by disparity (stereo dept...

In their recent paper, Muir et al. (Science, 2015, 348, 1135-1138) demonstrate that the maximum depths of staghorn coral assemblages are shallower at higher latitudes, a trend that correlates with winter light levels. Based on these findings, the authors hypothesize that light availability limits the current latitudinal extent of the group and will constrain future range expansion. Here we rean...

To investigate how the visual system integrates disparity information from horizontal and vertical edges and conveys it to the regions without any depth cues, we introduce a new phenomenon of subjective surface formation in an Ehrenstein-style configuration with inducing elements at different depths, and without explicit monocular occlusion zones. Different sets of experiments by separate group...