An important aspect in modeling dynamic phenomena consists in measuring with higher accuracy some physical quantities corresponding to the dynamic system. Yet for measurements performed on limited time interval at high working frequency, certain intelligent methods should be added. The high working frequency requires that the measurement and data processing time interval should be greater than ...

The African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus has bimodal respiration, it has a suprabranchial air-breathing organ alongside substantial gills. We used automated bimodal respirometry to reveal that undisturbed juvenile catfish (N=29) breathed air continuously in normoxia, with a marked diurnal cycle. Air breathing and routine metabolic rate (RMR) increased in darkness when, in the wild, thi...

OBJECTIVES The primary healthcarecentre (PHCC) is the first place that medical students experience patient contact. Usually, medical students are frustrated by a lack of proper skills training for on-campus history taking (HT), physical examination (PE) and self-directed learning (SDL) to prepare for their PHCC and inhospital patient contact. For pre-clerks, this study aims to compare the effec...

We present an analytic method for predicting the initial self-focusing dynamics of high-power beams and pulses. Using this method we study the filamentation pattern of a variety of input profiles, without solving partial differential equations. In particular, this method shows that in the anomalous regime, high-power pulses with temporal super-Gaussian profiles will split in time into two short...

BACKGROUND This report describes the results of an open-label extension study of active trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in medication-resistant patients with major depressive disorder who did not benefit from an initial course of therapy in a previously reported 6-week, randomized controlled study of active versus sham TMS. METHOD Patients with DSM-IV-defined major depressive disorde...

Depression is associated with altered sensitivity to reward and punishment, which can influence complex decision-making. We examined punishment sensitivity in the performance of participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) with that of a comparison group on the automatic Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), which is a direct measure of risk taking. The present study examined the BART perform...

I applaud the authors of the article “Can temporal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation be enhanced by targeting affective components of tinnitus with frontal rTMS? a randomized controlled pilot trial” because many of them are pioneers in the development of protocols that use rTMS to treat chronic tinnitus. Investigators (including myself) around the world conducting similar studies of ...

Group members often reason egocentrically, believing that they deserve more than their fair share of group resources. Leading people to consider other members' thoughts and perspectives can reduce these egocentric (self-centered) judgments such that people claim that it is fair for them to take less; however, the consideration of others' thoughts and perspectives actually increases egoistic (se...

Background: Health research is increasingly being conducted on a global scale, particularly in the developing world to address leading causes of morbidity and mortality. While research interest has increased, building scientific capacity in the developing world has not kept pace. This often leads to the export of human tissue (defined broadly) from the developing to the developed world for anal...