To describe the heterogeneous nature of stress transmission in granular materials, the concept of the "strong" network consisting of contacts with large normal forces has been proposed by Radjaï [Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 61 (1998)]. The shear stress is mainly determined by this strong network. The dual viewpoint is adopted here, by not only considering the forces at contacts, but also the deformati...

The lack of information about the tangential velocity makes the velocity estimation erroneous in contour matching. Classical methods use the normal velocity, together with some smoothness constraints, since the tangential velocity cannot be recovered. This paper presents a contour matching method that computes displacements with a criteria of minimum curvature diierences. The rst derivative of ...

During development, cortical interneurons generated from the ventral telencephalon migrate tangentially into the dorsal telencephalon. Although Achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Ascl1) plays important roles in the developing telencephalon, whether Ascl1 regulates tangential migration remains unclear. Here, we found that Ascl1 promoted tangential migration along the ventricular z...

Evolution of the mammalian brain encompassed a remarkable increase in size of the cerebral cortex, which includes tangential and radial expansion. However, the mechanisms underlying these key features are still largely unknown. Here, we identified the DNA-associated protein Trnp1 as a regulator of cerebral cortex expansion in both of these dimensions. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments in t...

with input u(t) ∈ Rm, state x(t) ∈ RN and output y(t) ∈ Rp. Without loss of generality, we can assume that the system is controllable and observable since otherwise we can always find a smaller dimensional model that is controllable and observable, and that has exactly the same transfer function. In addition to this, we will assume that the system is stable, i.e. the generalized eigenvalues of ...

For unsymmetric block-tridiagonal systems of linear equations arising from the discretization of partial differential equations, a composite preconditioner is proposed and tested. It combines a classical ILU0 factorization for high frequencies with a tangential filtering preconditioner. The choice of the filtering vector is important: the test-vector is the Ritz eigenvector corresponding to the...

Cell lineage analyses suggest that cortical neuroblasts are capable of undertaking both radial and tangential modes of cell movement. However, it is unclear whether distinct progenitors are committed to generating neuroblasts that disperse exclusively in either radial or tangential directions. Using highly unbalanced mouse stem cell chimeras, we have identified certain progenitors that are comm...

BACKGROUND Adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) of left-sided breast cancer is increasingly performed in voluntary deep inspiration breath-hold (vDIBH). The aim of this study was to estimate the reproducibility of breath-hold level (BHL) and to find optimal bony landmarks for matching of orthogonal setup images to minimise setup margins. METHODS 1067 sets of images with an orthogonal setup and tangenti...

We study tangential vector fields on the boundary of a bounded Lipschitz domain Ω in R3. Our attention is focused on the definition of suitable Hilbert spaces corresponding to fractional Sobolev regularities and also on the construction of tangential differential operators on the non-smooth manifold. The theory is applied to the characterization of tangential traces for the space H(curl,Ω). Hod...