The preparation and investigations of tanned sheep red cells coated with human fibrinogen are presented in detail and noted variables are discussed. Both tanning and coating are quick processes. Higher concentrations of tannic acid improved the sensitivity of the cells but required an increased concentration of stabilizing serum to prevent autoagglutination. Fibrinogen concentration above 2 mug...

Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to engaging in poor skin-protection behaviors. The objective of this study was to examine use of sunscreen and indoor tanning devices among a nationally representative sample of high school students during a 10-year period (2001-2011) using data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. The percentage of youth who reported using sunscreen declined...

T he rise of melanoma in young women, particularly manifesting in trunk skin, suggests deliberate UV radiation (UVR) exposure as a plausible cause. Sunless tanning products (STPs), including lotions, spray-on tans, and bronzers, impart a tanned appearance. The role of STPs as substitutes to indoor tanning (IT) remains largely uncharacterized among indoor tanners. The objective of this study was...

The article by Balaraman et al in this issue of Pediatrics examines practices of indoor tanning facilities in Missouri, 1 of 17 states with no regulations regarding minors’ use of these facilities. More than twothirds of respondents working at the facilities stated that they would allow children as young as 10 to 12 years old to tan, some without parental consent. More than 40% claimed that the...

This study illustrates the process of removal of chromium from chrome tanning waste-water by fly ash which was drive from chrome shaving dust. This experiment was carried out in a batch process with laboratory prepared adsorbent samples and chrome tanning water collected from local tanneries. The influence of various factors likes adsorbent doses, contact time, and initial concentration of chro...

Results: The prevalence of diseases was found as gastrointestinal problem 71.7%, Diarrhea 71.7%, Blood pressure 52.2%, Asthma 49.9%, Eye problem 46.7%. Skin disease prevailed in the following order: Scabies 73.9%, Nail discoloration 69.6%, Urticaria 59.7%, Miliria and foliculities 56.5%. Again negligence of using personal protective equipment named safety boots, gloves and googles have signific...

OBJECTIVES To calculate sunbed use prevalence rates, to investigate the motivations for tanning, and to identify typical target groups for interventions to prevent skin cancer. DESIGN Cross-sectional, representative, population-based study, primary analysis of the SUN-Study 2012 (Sunbed-Use: Needs for Action-Study). SETTING Nationwide telephone survey of the general population in Germany. P...

We have investigated the photoprotective properties of tanning using erythema as an endpoint. Previously unexposed buttock skin sites of 16 young, healthy adults (8 skin type II, and 8 skin type III) were exposed daily (Mon-Fri) for 2 weeks to 0.5 and 0.75 minimal erythema doses (MED) of solar-simulated radiation (SSR). Erythema and melanin levels were assessed daily both visually and quantitat...