the present research examines the academic listening comprehension strategies (lcs) among a total number of 59 intermediate and upper-intermediate persian learners who were taking pre-university courses in 2011 in persian language centre in imam khomeini international university, qazvin. the study examined nature of lcs, the variety of applying lcs, and finally predictability of strategies as a...

The use of orthographic and phonological information in spoken word recognition was studied in a visual world task where L1 Finnish learners of L2 French (n = 64) and L1 French native speakers (n = 24) were asked to match spoken word forms with printed words while their eye movements were recorded. In Experiment 1, French target words were contrasted with competitors having a longer ( vs....

To remedy the paucity of studies on the relationship between vocabulary knowledge and speaking proficiency, we examine the degree to which second language (L2) speaking proficiency can be predicted by the size, depth, and speed of L2 vocabulary among novice to intermediate Japanese learners of English. Studies 1 and 2 administered vocabulary tests and a speaking test to 224 and 87 L2 learners, ...

this study used proficiency as an effective personal resource on work engagement according to the job demand-resource model of bakker and demerouti (2008). this was a descriptive and cross-sectional survey. the sample includes 395 employees from four public organizations selected randomly. descriptive statistic was used to examine the demographic variables and inferential statistical such as in...

Grouping words into meaningful chunks is a fundamental process for fluent reading. The present study is an attempt to understand the relationship between chunking and second language (L2) reading fluency. The effects of text segmentation on comprehension, rate, and regression in L2 reading were investigated using a self-paced reading task in a moving-window condition. The participants were inte...

The aim of this study was to test claims that speakers a first language (L1) incur cognitive and linguistic processing costs when interacting with second (L2) speakers. This is thought be due the extra effort required for mapping incoming L2 speech signals onto stored phonological, lexical semantic representations. Recent work suggests these may lead poorer memory not only speech, but one's own...

In this study, we investigated muscle cocontraction during a street dance movement task to provide evidence that the level of muscle cocontraction is associated with degree of proficiency in whole-body sensorimotor synchronization movement. Skilled street dancers and nondancers were required to synchronize a knee-bending movement in a standing position to a metronome beat. The dancer group show...