The study takes into account different classes of tunnel boring machines (TBM), with the aim identifying correlation models which are meant to estimate, at a preliminary design phase, construction time and evaluate mechanical operational parameters TBMs, starting from knowledge length excavation diameter. To achieve this goal, first all database was created, thanks collection most meaningful te...

Cortical venous thrombosis (CVT) mostly occurs due to a hypercoagulable state. Infection- related CVT is very rare and medical emergency associated with high mortality rate. It has been described bacterial fungal infections; but only few isolated case reports of tubercular meningitis (TBM) exist. Only six documentations CVT, as complication TBM, exist in the literature. Here, we report young gi...

A dysregulated host immune response significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Effective directed therapies (HDTs) are critical improve survival clinical outcomes. Currently only one HDT, dexamethasone, is proven mortality. However, there no evidence dexamethasone reduces morbidity, how it uncertain, has benefit HIV co-infected individuals. Furt...

The sensitivity and specificity of immunocytochemical staining of mycobacterial antigens in the cytoplasm of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) macrophages for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) was prospectively compared with Ahuja criteria from 393 consecutive CSF specimens. The assay can play an important role for the diagnosis of TBM, with sensitivity of 73.5% and specificity of 90.7%.

Unlike in pulmonary multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, the clinical outcome of MDR tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children, including extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, is poor and management is challenging. We report the successful treatment of a case of extensively drug-resistant TBM in a 4-year-old girl, and we discuss implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and chemotherapy.

Fifty-three cerebrospinal fluid specimens from meningitis patients were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of mycobacterial antigens. After heating at 56 degrees C for 1 hour to eliminate nonspecific interference, all 22 tuberculous meningitis (TBM) specimens had an optical density of greater than 0.05 (sensitivity 100%). Six out of 31 non-TBM cases gave false-posit...

A new theoretical/empirical model has been developed for performance prediction of hard rock TBMs. The model uses information on the rock properties and cutting geometry to calculate TBM rate of penetration. The model can also be used for TBM butterhead design optimization to achieve maximum performance in a given geology.

The WHO estimates around a million children contract tuberculosis (TB) annually with over 80 000 deaths from dissemination of infection outside of the lungs. The insidious onset and association with skin test anergy suggests failure of the immune system to both recognise and respond to infection. To understand the immune mechanisms, we studied genome-wide whole blood RNA expression in children ...

Background Drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose and treat. Mortality is high and optimal treatment is unknown. We compared clinical outcomes of drug-resistant and -susceptible TBM treated with either standard or intensified antituberculosis treatment. Methods We analyzed the influence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance on the outcomes of patients wit...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) infections are a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality globally. However, most published studies have been conducted in developed countries where the epidemiology and aetiology differ significantly from less developed areas. Additionally, there may be regional differences due to variation in the socio-economic levels, public health services a...