To achieve a good therapeutic ratio the radiation dose to the tumor should be as high as possible with the lowest possible dose to the surrounding normal tissue. This is especially the case for brain tumors. Technological advancements in diagnostic imaging, dose calculations, and radiation delivery systems, combined with a better understanding of the pathophysiology of brain tumors have led to ...

The paper tries to identify new emerging patterns in the context of technological progress. Just as industrialization is associated with rationalization, mechanization, and automation, the Internet age is associated with computer models, embedded knowledge, and collaboration. Comparison among patterns is highlighted and analysis is done from predictability-based perspective.

In Chapter 26 we discussed how rising per capita incomes over long periods of time can be explained by population growth, capital accumulation, and technological progress. Is there some way that we can measure how much of observed growth in per capita incomes is due to each factor separately? An obvious problem in trying to do so is that “technological progress,” though obvious in many aspects ...

In standard endogenous growth models, the higher the research e¤ort the higher is the innovation rate of the economy. Innovating, however, is a complex process that requires an entrepreneur to implement a valuable invention. Hence when research and entrepreneurial skills compete in the allocation of aggregate resources, the relation between growth and R&D is hump-shaped. This paper proposes a m...

Sustainability concepts that rest on the idea of resourceor energy-efficiency improvements due to technological progress tend to overestimate the potential saving effects because they frequently ignore the behavioral responses evoked by technological improvements. Efficiency improvements also affect the demand for resources and energy, and often an increase in efficiency by 1% will cause a redu...

Based on Super-SBM DEA model, this paper investigates the efficiency of 12 Chinese commercial banks from 2005 to 2013 under the consideration of undesirable output, and verifies the truth that considering undesirable outputs (non-performing loans) can make research result more authentic by comparing with the consequence obtained without considering undesirable output. On this basis, this paper ...