System integration is one of the market driving issues in power electronics. In this paper the integration of precise shunts into IGBT modules, like it is done in Infineons MIPAQ family, is compared to on-IGBT-chip current sense functionality. Temperature measurement via NTC-resistor on DBC-level or on-IGBT-chip integrated temp-sense-diodes will be treated as well. Further processing of the low...

AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of various provisional crown materials using an in vitro model test system. METHODS AND MATERIALS In the present study polycarbonate crowns, prefabricated by the manufacturer (3M Polycarbonate Crown), and the temporary crowns, fabricated in the dental laboratory environment, were fabricated using bis-acryl composite (Protemp II...

The generation of hydroxyl radicals and singlet oxygen during the oxidation of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (rhododendrol) and 4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-butanol (rhododendrol-catechol) with mushroom tyrosinase in a phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) was examined as the model for the reactive oxygen species generation via the two rhododendrol compounds in melanocytes. The reaction was performed in the p...

Multiple description coding is one of the coding techniques used in the non-prioritized networks to transmit image. In this coding method, the image is split into two or more descriptions and compressed with a controlled level of redundancy. Because of the introduced controlled redundancy the image can be recovered from the other descriptions. Due to this there is a slight degradation in the re...

How do visual luminance, shape, motion, and depth bind together in the brain to represent the coherent percept of a 3-D object within hundreds of milliseconds (msec)? We provide evidence from simultaneous magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) data that perception of 3-D objects defined by luminance or motion elicits sequential activity in human visual cortices within 5...

introduction air pollution is one of the critical challenges in metropolitans around the world. according to world health organization (who), three millions people die from air pollution annually. in some studies mortality costs by air pollution was estimated. social cost of air pollution was estimated 28990 billions rials in tehran city. the mortality cost by air pollution was estimated about ...

The positronirrad iation e ̃ect on polycarb onate during a positronannihi lati on lif etime spectroscopy exp eriment w as investigated using di ̃erent intensities of 22 N a p ositron sources and Û -irradiated samples . T he decrease in I 3 was larger for a larger intensity of positron sources. In the case of a w eak source ( ¤ 140 kBq), I 3 did not change w ith the elapsed time for nonirradia ted...