The circulation and water mass structure of the North Atlantic are reviewed, with emphasis on the large-scale overturning cell which produces North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW). Properties and transports for its major components (Nordic Seas Overflow Water, Labrador Sea Water, Mediterranean Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water and Antarctic Bottom Water) are reviewed. The transport estimates and p...

salinity and drought stress are among the common environmental factors which adversely affect germination and growth of plants. this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of salinity and drought stress on turnip seed germination and early growth in seed lab of college of agriculture, university of tehran, during 2010. the experimental design was a complete randomized block with three...

The current knowledge about spatial and temporal dynamics of the Black Sea's thermohaline structure is incomplete because of missing data and sparse distribution of existing measurements in space and time. This study presents 56 year continuous simulations of the Black Sea's hydrodynamics using the 3D General Estuarine Transport Model (GETM), without incorporating any relaxation toward climatol...

drought and salinity are two important environmental stresses limiting the crop production. in order to study the influence of drought and salinity stresses on germination characteristics of marshmallow plant seeds, two separate experiments were conducted based on completely randomized design with four replications in controlled conditions. drought stress levels were 0, -2, -4, -6 and -8 bar in...

Sound speed in the oceans depends on temperature, salinity, and pressure and has large seasonal and spatial variations. Since temperature and salinity variations are large compared to pressure, we studied the relative importance of these two parameters on sound speed by analyzing the hourly profiles for one year (16 October 1994 – 22 October 1995) up to 250 m depth from the Woods Hole Oceanogra...

Biosurfactants are surface-active agents produced by hydrocarbanoclastic bacteria isolated from oil contaminated sites. In the present study a potential oil degrading bacterium was isolated from Cuddalore harbor waters and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using both biochemical and 16S rRNA sequencing. Growth optimization of the strain was done against varying physiochemical parameters v...

Global ocean salinity/temperature variations are attracting increasing attention, due to their influence on ocean-atmospheric changes and their potential for improved climate forecasting. The goal is to analyze historic salinity/temperature data to make predictions about future variations. Traditional statistical models that assume data independence are not applicable as ocean data are often in...