Plain concrete structures such as dams or retaining walls, as well as rock structures such as tunnels, caverns, excavations, and rock slopes, have commonly been designed by elastic-perfectly plastic analysis in which the tensile yield strength of the material is taken as zero. The paper analyzes the safety of this "notension" design in the light of the finiteness of the tensile strength of conc...

We propose a decomposition of constitutive relations into crack-driving and persistent portions, specifically designed for materials with anisotropic/orthotropic behavior in the phase field approach to fracture account tension-compression asymmetry. This follows variational framework, satisfying orthogonality condition anisotropic materials. implies that present model can be applied arbitrary e...