Abstract Probabilistic linguistic term set (PLTS) provides a much more effective model to compute with words and express the uncertainty in pervasive natural language by probability information. In this paper, avoid loss of information, we redefine classical probabilistic sets (PLTSs) multiple distributions from an ambiguity perspective present some basic operations using Archimedean t-(co)norm...

Although the personality trait of urgency has been linked to problem gambling, less is known about psychological mechanisms that mediate the relationship between urgency and problem gambling. One individual variable of potential relevance to impulsivity and addictive disorders is age. The aims of this study were to examine: (i) a theoretical model associating urgency and gambling problems, (ii)...

Recent studies claim that visual perception of stimulus features, such as orientation, numerosity, and faces, is systematically biased toward visual input from the immediate past [1-3]. However, the extent to which these positive biases truly reflect changes in perception rather than changes in post-perceptual processes is unclear [4, 5]. In the current study we sought to disentangle perceptual...

Static and dynamic term structure model of interest rates are studied according to the need for using. As for the static model, exponential splines model is studied and every cash flow of the project is discounted relatively accurately by getting the model of discount rate. As for the dynamic model, a basic model is studied, and the option pricing formula under changing risk-free rate is gotten...

In this study we investigated age-related and individual differences in habitual (model-free) and goal-directed (model-based) decision-making. Specifically, we were interested in three questions. First, does age affect the balance between model-based and model-free decision mechanisms? Second, are these age-related changes due to age differences in working memory (WM) capacity? Third, can model...