An impedance-based temperature estimation method is investigated considering the electrochemical non-equilibrium with short-term relaxation time for facilitating the vehicular application. Generally, sufficient relaxation time is required for battery electrochemical equilibrium before the impedance measurement. A detailed experiment is performed to investigate the regularity of the battery impe...

All matter – subatomic particles to human beings -that exist in nature owe their existence to their long-term stability. The complexity theory presented by Suh in recent years shows that for long-term stability, both engineered systems and natural systems must be either at a stable equilibrium state or must have a functional periodicity. In engineering and physics, the former, i.e., equilibrium...

In this paper, the effects of refuges used by prey on a predator-prey interaction with a class of functional responses are studied by using the analytical approach. The refuges are considered as two types: a constant proportion of prey and a fixed number of prey using refuges. We will evaluate the effects with regard to the local stability of the interior equilibrium point, the values of the eq...

Climate change is expected to have profound ecological effects, yet shifts in competitive abilities among species are rarely studied in this context. Blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and great tits (Parus major) compete for food and roosting sites, yet coexist across much of their range. Climate change might thus change the competitive relationships and coexistence between these two species. Ana...

In this letter, the back-propagation algorithm with the momentum term is analyzed. It is shown that all local minima of the sum of least squares error are stable. Other equilibrium points are unstable.

We consider two types of grouping among users in utility systems. The first type of grouping is from Chen et al. (2014), where each user belongs to a group of users having social ties with it. For this type of utility system, each user’s strategy maximizes its social group utility function, giving rise to the notion of social-aware Nash equilibrium. We prove that, for a valid utility system, if...

In this paper we investigate the eeects of (uniform) recombination on the evolution of a haploid quasispecies on a single-peak \spike" tness landscape. It is found that at low mutation rates the long-term behaviour of the quasispecies exhibits one stable and one unstable equilibrium. At a critical mutation rate which we identify as an error threshold, the stable and unstable equilibria coalesce...

Background: Environmental contamination by chromium (Cr) has become an important issue due to its adverse effects on human health and environment. This study was done to evaluate the application of modified bentonite using sulfuric acid as an adsorbent in the removal of hexavalent Cr from aqueous solution. Methods: Adsorbent features were determined using x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transf...

ABSTRACT Background: for treatment verification in radiation therapy. Several physical characteristics of ScanningLiquid filled Ionization Chamber EPID (SLIC-EPID) including: extra build-up layer,reproducibility and uniformity, and noise level were investigated.Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs) have found an outstanding positionMaterials and Methods: equilibrium, 1-30 mm white water mat...

Long-term (>decades) coastal recession due to sea-level rise (SLR) has been estimated using the Bruun Rule for nearly six decades. Equilibrium-based shoreline models have shown skillfully predict short-term wave-driven change on time scales of hours Both and equilibrium rely beach theory, which states that profile shape equilibrates with its local wave conditions. Integrating these two into ...