OBJECTIVE To evaluate the intra-/interobserver agreement of the visual interpretation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of pancreatic head lesions and its concordance with the histological test results. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two observers (A + B) evaluated by simple visual interpretation 40 consecutive CEUS examinations of pancreatic head lesions and one of the observers evaluated the exa...

The process of setting a standard when pass/fail decisions have to be made inevitably involves judgment about the point on the test score scale where performance is deemed to be adequate for the purpose for which the examination is set. As with any process which involves human judgment, setting this standard is likely to include a certain degree of error, which may result in some false positive...

When constructing a test, an initial decision is choosing an appropriate item response format which can be classified as selected or constructed. In large-scale tests where time and finance are of concern, the use of response chosen known as multiple-choice items is quite widespread. This study aimed at investigating the impact of response format on the performance of structure tests. Concurren...

This introduction to the R package plink is a (slightly) modified version of Weeks (2010), published in the Journal of Statistical Software. The R package plink has been developed to facilitate the linking of mixed-format tests for multiple groups under a common item design using unidimensional and multidimensional IRT-based methods. This paper presents the capabilities of the package in the co...