to investigate the effects of different glossing conventions on vocabulary recognition and recall, 158 participants were given a pre-test to make sure that they did not have any prior knowledge of the target words. reading passages with four different glossing conventions (interlinear, marginal, pre-text, and post-text) were given to eight groups. four groups received interlingual glosses and f...

hapax legomenon (pl. hapax legomena; sometimes abbreviated to hapax, pl. hapaxes), is a word that occurs only once within a context, either in the written record of an entire language, in the works of an author, or in a single text. the related terms, dis legomenon, tris legomenon, and tetrakis legomenon respectively refer to double, triple, or quadruple occurrences, but are far less commonly u...

the mathematical treatises known as ta?r?r al-mutawassi??t, “revision of the middle books”, are a collection of greek and arabic treatises which were re-edited by na??r al-d?n al-??s?. this paper explores the nature of the editorial work ??s? did, showing that it is not a simple rendering of the original text but that it involves major revisions and in fact original additions. for the first tim...