Background CAR T cell therapy remains ineffective in solid tumors. Scarce infiltration and suppression at the tumor site are two notable limitations. regulatory (Treg) cells capable of suppressing effective anti-tumor responses through inhibitory factors such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Treg expressing C-C chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8) have been found to accumulate correlate with poo...

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling facilitates tumor development during the advanced stages of tumorigenesis, but induces cell-cycle arrest for tumor suppression during the early stages. However, the mechanism of functional switching of TGF-β is still unknown, and it is unclear whether inhibition of TGF-β signaling results amelioration or exacerbation of cancers. Here we show that t...

BACKGROUND TGF-β is induced in the vasculature with aging suggesting that high plasma TGF-β levels may be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in older adults. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between plasma TGF-β levels and CKD including data for 1722 older adults who had participated in the 1996/97 visit of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). P...

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of OPG, TGF- β 1, and TGF- β 2 and BMD decrease rate (BDR) in native Chinese women. This cross-sectional study was performed on 465 healthy native Chinese women aged 35-80 years. Serum levels of OPG, TGF- β 1, and TGF- β 2 were determined. BDR was measured by DXA at the posteroanterior spine, hip, and distal fo...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The intestinal immune system is tightly regulated to prevent responses against the many nonpathogenic antigens in the gut. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a cytokine that maintains intestinal homeostasis, in part by inducing Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) that suppress immune responses. TGF-β is expressed at high levels in the gastrointestinal tract as a latent comp...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 K) isoforms contribute to glomerular disease. Finer and colleagues define a temporal and selective role for the p110γ catalytic isoform of PI3 K, normally expressed by hematopoietic cells, and TGF-β in adriamycin-mediated glomerular injury. Early ectopic upregulation of p110γ by podocytes drives initial injury and prote...

CLIC4 (Chloride intracellular channel 4) belongs to a family of putative intracellular chloride channel proteins expressed ubiquitously in multiple tissues. CLIC4 is predominantly soluble and traffics between the cytoplasm and nucleus and participates in cell cycle control and differentiation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) elevates CLIC4, which enhances TGF-β signaling through CLIC4 m...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) modulates diverse cell physiological processes and plays a complicated role in tumor development. It has been well established that TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation in normal and early stage carcinoma and facilitates tumor metastasis in late-stage carcinoma. Therefore, blocking TGF-β signaling in advanced stage carcinogenesis provides a potentially interest...

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in preventing cancer development. NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) is an activating receptor expressed in the membrane of NK cells. Tumour cells expressing NKG2DL become susceptible to an immune-dependent rejection mainly mediated by NK cells. The paradoxical roles of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in regulation of NKG2DL are presented in man...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) is a glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin and dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (GAG). TGF-β can stimulate sulfated GAG production in nucleus pulposus cells; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS CHSY1 expression was examined in rat nucleus pulposus treated with TGF-β using real-tim...