Within overall Th1-like human memory T cell responses, individual T cells may express only some of the characteristic Th1 cytokines when reactivated. In the Th1-oriented memory response to influenza, we have tested the contributions of two potential mechanisms for this diversity: variable expression of cytokines by a uniform population during activation, or different stable subsets that consist...

Commitment of T helper 1 (Th1) or Th2 populations developing during an immune response to a pathogen, or an inappropriate immune response to an allergen or autoantigen, may determine the difference between health and chronic disease. We show that strongly polarized Th1 and Th2 populations assessed by immunoassay are heterogeneous using flow cytometry to detect single cells producing interferon ...

The differentiation of naive T cells into effector Th1 cells is a complex process that may proceed in two steps, commitment and development. Initial TCR engagement and IFN-gamma signaling instruct the T cells to commit to the Th1 lineage, while subsequent IL-12 and potentially TCR signaling induces final differentiation into irreversible, Th1 effector cells. In agreement with a multistep proces...

Various evidence suggests that adoptive transfer of polyclonal, tumor-specific, IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells [T helper type 1 (Th1) cells] should be highly efficient for tumor immune therapy. However, this approach could not be tested because very few MHC class II-restricted tumor peptides have been defined. Here we show that stimulation of freshly isolated T helper cells with syngeneic tum...

Abstract Th17 and Th1 CD4 T cells play important roles in the pathophysiology of human MS mouse model MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As per our findings, metabolic changes alter phenotypic functionality immune cells, which may influence their effector activities as disease progresses. IRG1 (Immuno response gene 1), encodes for cis-aconitic acid decarboxylase TCA cycle &amp...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent episodes of demyelination and axonal lesion mediated by cd4+ t cells with a proinflammatory t helper (th)1 and th17 phenotypes, macrophages, and soluble inflammatory mediators. the overactive  pro-inflammatory  th1  cells  and  clonal  expansion  of  b  cells  initiate  an inflammatory cascade with several cellular and ...

The differentiation of CD4 T cells into Th1 and Th2 cells in vivo is difficult to analyze since it is influenced by many factors such as genetic background of the mice, nature of antigen, and adjuvant. In this study, we used a well-established model, which allows inducing Th1 or Th2 cells simply by low (LD, 10(5)) or high dose (HD, 10(9)) injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) into C57BL/6 m...

In humans, Th1/17 cells, identified by coexpression of the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CXCR3, are proposed to be highly pathogenic in several autoimmune disorders due in part to their expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF. However, their developmental requirements, relationship with "classic" Th17 and Th1 cells and physiological role in normal immune responses ar...

Background: Tegument protein pp150 of cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) plays a vital role in all stages of viral life cycle, representing the most important tegument protein candidate for HCMV treatment. However, the exact role of pp150 in immune regulation is yet to be elucidated. Objective: To examine the effects of pp150 on the maturity and function of muri...