In this article, I outline the three main philosophical lessons that we may learn from Turing's work, and how they lead to a new philosophy of information. After a brief introduction, I discuss his work on the method of levels of abstraction (LoA), and his insistence that questions could be meaningfully asked only by specifying the correct LoA. I then look at his second lesson, about the sort o...

Outdoor robots, such as search-and-rescue robots and planetary rovers, often need to grasp and push objects such as debris and rocks that have irregular shapes. While most object manipulation techniques require mechanical or geometric models of the objects, objects that are encountered in outdoor environments do not typically have any known models. To grasp unknown novel objects, data-driven ap...

This paper responds to Dr Cassell's requestfor a fuller explanation ofmy argument in the paper, Against medical ethics: a philosopher's view. A distinction is made between two accounts of ethics in general, and the philosophical basis of health work ethics is briefly stated. The implications of applying this understanding of ethics to medical education are

Recent work in formal learning theory has attempted to capture the essentials of the conceptlearning task in a formal framework. This paper evaluates the potential contributions of certain kinds of models to the study of learning by exploring the philosophical implications of these models. Some of my remarks bear on mainstream AI learning techniques such as version spaces and explanation-based ...

1. The Debate: Conceptual Themes 2. Function vs. Form: Rational Principles, Taxonomy, & Comparative Anatomy 3. Functional Anatomy vs. Philosophical Anatomy: Scientific Explanation in Comparative Anatomy 4. Observation vs. Hypothesis: The Role of Induction in 19th Century Science 5. Limited Variation (within embranchements [3]) vs. Teratological Evolution 6. After the Debate: Reinterpretations i...

We rely on the strength of linguistic and philosophical perspectives in constructing a framework that offers a unified explanation for presuppositions and existential commitment. We use a rich ontology and a set of methodological principles that embed the essence of Meinong’s philosophy and Grice’s conversational principles into a stratified logic, under an unrestricted interpretation of the qu...

The subject area of organisational learning has seen important growth in both business and academic worlds however the literature base faces various problems, such as theoretical confusion and diversity of perspectives on the subject. Such issues can also be attributed to the concept itself and how it is understood from the various sociological, philosophical and methodological viewpoints, (Wei...

In a recent article, Erasmus, Brunet, and Fisher (2021) argue that Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are explainable. They survey four influential accounts of explanation: the Deductive-Nomological model, Inductive-Statistical Causal-Mechanical New-Mechanist model. that, on each these accounts, features make something an explanation is invariant with regard to complexity explanans explanandum. ...

Jaspers’s binary distinction between understanding and explanation has given way fi rst to a proliferation of explanatory levels and now, in John Campbell’s recent work, to a conception of explanation with no distinct levels of explanation and no inbuilt rationality requirement. I argue that there is still a role for understanding in psychiatry and that is to demystify the assumption that the s...

one of the major sources of psychology in the field of teaching english as foreign language in iranian universities is a book named the psychology of the language learner: individual differences in second language acquisition written by zoltan dornyei. the book was first published in 2005 and was later revised in 2015 and published by routledge. this study thus aims to analyze this book critica...