it is well understood that the jouisance capacity of foreigners in intellectual property rights has a paradoxical nature. on one hand and as a minimalist approach, this right is governed by private law and on the other, based on a maximalist approach; it is under the public-economic law governance. therefore, reconnaissance of jouisacne capacity is under the publican law domain. meanwhile, it i...

'(V Tfj aIae T0n tI Kpoias'-Aristotle* ERASISTRATUS AND THE VALVES Erasistratus described all four valves, 'On the Heart' describes only two. Is 'On the Heart' using the discovery which Galen emphatically attributes to Erasistratus, and to no-one else, but using it only in part? This question prompts a further one: what was the real nature of Erasistratus' discovery? References to Erasistratus ...

Echinocandin antifungals represent one of the most important drug classes for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. The mode of action of the echinocandins relies on inhibition of the β-1,3-glucan synthase, an enzyme essentially required for the synthesis of the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3-glucan. Depending on the species, echinocandins may exert fungicidal or fungistatic a...

The Shepard tabletop illusion, consisting of different perspective embeddings of two identical parallelograms as tabletops, affords a profound difference in their perceived surface shapes. My analysis reveals three further paradoxical aspects of this illusion, in addition to its susceptibility to the 'inverse perspective illusion' of the implied orthographic perspective of the table images. The...

We present a case of paradoxical gas embolism during CO2 insufflation in laparoscopic nephrectomy for a huge renal angiomyolipoma. Paradoxical CO2 embolism in the left heart chambers without demonstrable intracardiac right-to-left shunt was detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The surgical procedure was stopped immediately, but the patient recovered with mild neurologic deficit. ...