Fitting a suitable covariance function for the correlation structure of spatial-temporal data requires de-trending the data. In this article, some potential models for spatial-temporal trend are presented. Eventually the best model will be announced for de-trending tropospheric ozone concentration data for the city of Tehran (Capital city of Iran). By using the selected trend model, some ...

Cephalosporium stripe (fungus str ipe) is a vascular wi l ttype disease of wheat and barley, which also affects other cereals and grasses. l t is caused by the soifborne fungus Cephalosporium gramineum. ln autumn, the fungus produces millions of bacteria-sized spores (conidia), which are washed into the soil around the plant. These spores are the structures that will eventually infect the plant...

New Zealand has a similar history of logging, followed by the plough or fire, or similar disturbances. In addition, since all the ungulates have been introduced in a short time, biologically speaking, the native plants are generally ill-adapted to maintain themselves under heavy browsing pressure. An inevitable imbalance between animal numbers and the amount of available food has resulted. The ...

this paper estimates a structural cointegrating varx model with exogenous variables for iran. the long-run macroeconomic relationships are identified and tested within this framework. we make use of the generalized forecast error variance decomposition to analyze the dynamic properties of the model in response to different shocks. we also examine via the persistence profiles, the speed of adjus...

Head and neck cancer is the 5th most common cancer in the world with half a million new cases reported globally every year, 44,600 within the United States. Up to 40% of head and neck cancer patients will eventually die because of it. With half of patients having an advanced stage of disease upon initial diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma contributes to 95% of head and neck cancers. Squamous ce...