Some recent theories of gerunds account for their hybrid properties by saying that the gerund is both a noun and a verb simultaneously. Such theories are inconsistent with the Reference-Predication Constraint (RPC), a cornerstone of Baker’s (2003) theory of lexical categories. In contrast, I defend the traditional idea that gerunds are fusions of a true verb and a syntactically distinct nominal...

This paper focuses on an interesting phenomena when chaos meets computers. It is found that digital computers are absolutely incapable of showing true long-time dynamics of some chaotic systems, including the tent map, the Bernoulli shift map and their analogues, even in a highprecision floating-point arithmetic. Although the results cannot directly generalized to most chaotic systems, the risk...

In the setting of vector-valued quantum fields obeying a linear wave-equation in a globally hyperbolic, stationary spacetime, it is shown that the two-point functions of passive quantum states (mixtures of groundor KMS-states) fulfill the microlocal spectrum condition (which in the case of the canonically quantized scalar field is equivalent to saying that the two-point function is of Hadamard ...

We characterize the “best” model geometries for the class of virtually free groups, and we show that there is a countable infinity of distinct “best” model geometries in an appropriate sense–these are the maximally symmetric trees. The first theorem gives several equivalent conditions on a bounded valence, cocompact tree T without valence 1 vertices saying that T is maximally symmetric. The sec...

The automatic distinction of arguments and modiiers is a necessary step for the automatic acquisition of subcategorisation frames and argument structure. In this work, we report on supervised learning experiments to learn this distinction for the diicult case of prepositional phrases attached to the verb. We develop statistical indicators of linguistic diagnostics for argumenthood, and we appro...

It has been claimed that the power PC theory reconciles regularity and power theories of causal judgment by showing how contingency information is used for inferences about unobservable causal powers. Under the causal powers theory causal relations are understood as generative relations in which a causal power of one thing acts on a liability of another thing under some releasing condition. The...

The automatic distinction of arguments and modiiers is a necessary step for the automatic acquisition of subcategorisation frames and argument structure. In this work, we report on supervised learning experiments to learn this distinction for the diicult case of prepositional phrases attached to the verb. We develop statistical indicators of linguistic diagnostics for argumenthood, and we appro...

Theories of metrical structure postulate the existence of several degrees of beat strength. While previous work has clearly established that humans are sensitive to the distinction between strong beats and weak ones, there is little evidence for a more fine grained distinction between intermediate levels. Here, we present experimental data showing that attention can be allocated to an intermedi...