The low frequency cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) oscillations in neonates are commonly attributed to an under-dampened immature linear type cerebral autoregulation, and the 'instability' is regarded as causative for peri-intraventricular haemorrhage/periventricular leukomalacia. In contrast, oscillations susceptible to frequency entrainment are a fundamental part of the stable function of ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is an acquired infection related primarily to the consequences of prolonged endotracheal intubation. It is considered the most important infectious challenge in the critical care setting. Preventable complications of hospital care are considered an important source of wasted health-care costs believed to consume up to 47% of annual expenditures in the Unite...

Noninvasive support of ventilation is commonly needed in patients with neuromuscular disease. Body ventilators, which are used rarely, function by applying intermittent negative pressure to the thorax or abdomen. More commonly, noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is used. This therapy can be applied with a variety of interfaces, ventilators, and ventilator settings. The patient int...

The first objective of this study is to observe how the clinicians adjust ventilator settings in simulated mechanically ventilated patients. This information was then used to construct the fuzzy rule-bases of a ventilator advisory system. A simulator of patients on artificial ventilation was developed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment based on a grey-box mathematical model of the human resp...

During simultaneous EEG-fMRI acquisition, the EEG signal suffers from tremendous artifacts caused by the scanner "environment". Particularly, gradient artifacts and the ballistocardiogram have been well characterized, along with methods to eliminate them. Here, we describe another systematic artifact in the EEG signal, which is induced by the internal ventilation system of Siemens TRIO and VERI...

Banerjee, C. K., Girling, D. J., and Wigglesworth, J. S. (1972). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47, 509. Pulmonary fibroplasia in newborn babies treated with oxygen and artificial ventilation. A retrospective clinicopathological study was carried out on newborn babies who had died over a 5-year period, had received oxygen therapy, and had lived for 48 hours or longer. 23 of 81 babies had pul...

We used spectral analysis and event-triggered averaging to determine the effects of chemical inactivation of the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) on 1) the relationship of intratracheal pressure (ITP, an index of vagal lung inflation afferent activity) to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and 2) central respiratory rate in paralyzed, artificially ventilat...

442 September 2014 A S anesthesiologists, we routinely administer drugs that compromise a patient’s ability to breathe, and dealing with the consequences can be a challenge. However, our jobs may be getting easier. In this issue, Roozekrans et al.1 present two small, human studies on male volunteers conducted in The Netherlands on a promising new breathing stimulant compound, GAL021, being deve...