While it is now generally accepted that independent component analysis (ICA) is a good tool for isolating both artifacts and cognition-related processes in EEG data, there is little definite proof that data preprocessed using ICA is more effective than artifact rejection on raw channel data, especially when more subtle signal processing methods are used to detect artifacts. Here we applied five...

Software systems are specified with formal artifacts such as requirements or architecture models. However, informal project artifacts such as bug reports, tasks or discussion threads also include relevant information about the respective software systems and their development. It is beneficial to externalize such information in formalized representations, e.g. to increase the automation of deve...

PURPOSE To describe fat-suppression failure artifacts and to caution against their misinterpretation. METHOD Magnetic-susceptibility artifacts were studied in a phantom model and the results were compared to MR images obtained in clinical cases. FINDINGS Artifacts manifested themselves as regions of focal fat-suppression failure and appeared as bright signals without geometric distortions a...

This research study investigated the development of listening proficiency level by the aid of different media- tional artifacts in Systemic Theoretical Instruction (STI). The study considered whether exposing learners to different types and various numbers of mediating artefacts would increase their awareness towards listen- ing concepts after two months, and consequently promote their listenin...

OBJECTIVE Artifacts caused by metallic objects, such as dental crowns, dental implants and metallic orthodontic appliances, are a common problem in head and neck MRI. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify the main metal dental objects that produce artifacts on brain MRIs. STUDY DESIGN Imaged metallic artifacts and their sources were identified. Artifact image plane was rated on ...

There are various philosophical approaches and theories describing the intimate relation people have to artifacts. In this paper, I explore the relation between two such theories, namely distributed cognition and distributed morality theory. I point out a number of similarities and differences in these views regarding the ontological status they attribute to artifacts and the larger systems the...

Digital artifacts are embedded in wider and constantly shifting ecosystems such that they become increasingly editable, interactive, reprogrammable, and distributable. This state of flux and constant transfiguration renders the value and utility of these artifacts contingent on shifting webs of functional relations with other artifacts across specific contexts and organizations. By the same tok...

Artifacts pervade our lives, our every activity. The speed, power, and intelligence of human beings are drambtically enhanced by the invention of artificial devices, so much so that tool making and usage constitute one of the defining characteristics of our species. Many artifacts make us stronger or faster, or protect us from the elements or predators, or feed and clothe us. And many artifacts...

Artifacts in magnetic resonance imaging and foreign bodies within the patient's body may be confused with a pathology or may reduce the quality of examinations. Radiologists are frequently not informed about the medical history of patients and face postoperative/other images they are not familiar with. A gallery of such images was presented in this manuscript. A truncation artifact in the spina...

PURPOSE To describe image artifacts of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography and their underlying causative mechanisms. To establish a common vocabulary for the artifacts observed. METHODS The methods by which OCT angiography images are acquired, generated, and displayed are reviewed as are the mechanisms by which each or all of these methods can produce extraneous image information....