In Experiment 1, blindfolded observers judged (a) the distance of pathways felt by hand and (b) the straight-line distance between pathway endpoints inferred from such exploration. In Experiment 2, blindfolded observers made corresponding estimates after traversing similar pathways on foot. Pathways were explored under three different speeds. Under both manipulatory and ambulatory exploration, ...

In Wireless Sensor-Actor Networks (WSANs), sensors probe their surroundings and send their data to more capable actor nodes. The actors’ response requires them to coordinate their operation. Therefore, a strongly connected inter-actor topology is necessary and tolerance of an actor failure becomes a design requirement. Autonomous repositioning of actors has been deemed as an effective recovery ...

The evolution of foraging in Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) is studied using outbred populations that had been differentiated using laboratory selection. The foraging behaviour of Drosophila larvae is measured using the foraging path length of 72-h-old larvae. The foraging path length is the distance travelled by foraging larvae over 5 min. Populations of Drosophila selected for rapid develop...

this paper discusses the importance of environmental aesthetics and scenic beauty of currentroadside vegetation in the highways, and the necessity for the contribution of users (motorists) preferences inthe integration of scenic beauty of roadside vegetation into its management plans. the results of a questionnairesurvey of motorist’s opinion on the landscape aesthetics and quality of some high...

Habitat use, movement and residency of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas were determined using satellite pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags throughout coastal areas in the U.S., Gulf of Mexico and waters off the south-east U.S. From 2005 to 2007, 18 fish (mean size = 164 cm fork length, L(F)) were tagged over all seasons. Fish retained tags for up to 85 days (median = 30 days). Based on geol...

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the aqueous extract of Achillea millefolium on recognition memory in mice. Methods: Male mice (35) were used. The aqueous extract of A. millefolium was prepared using a Soxhlet apparatus and injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg daily for 20 days. The control group was treated with saline 1 ml/mouse/day. Tactile learning was ass...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that there is a correlation between arthroscopic experience and performance on a virtual-reality (VR) unit. We analyzed the development inexperienced surgeons went through during VR training of shoulder arthroscopy. METHODS 14 inexperienced surgeons from Silkeborg Regional Hospital were randomized into an intervention group and a control grou...

Since the drifts of Inertial Navigation System (INS) solutions are inevitable and also grow over time, a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is used to aid the INS to restrain its error growth. Therefore, INS/DVL integration is a common approach for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) navigation. The parameters including the scale factor of DVL and misalignments between INS and DVL are key factors which...