The contemporary world is organized into a system of territorial states in which rulers exercise authority inside clearly defined boundaries and recognize the authority of other rulers outside those boundaries. We argue that this system can be rationalized as an economic cartel in which self-interested and forward-looking rulers maintain high tax revenues by reducing competition in the “market ...

This paper aims at locating the practice of micro-credit system into a larger theoretical canvas of economic theory and philosophy. A systems theoretic approach has been adopted. Emergence of the „excluded‟ class has been explained with the help of the theory of feedback. Individuals have been assumed to be myopic, local optimizer and bounded rational. In this context, the empirical experiences...

Wallerstein's world economic theory acts as a guide to describe the changes that led to shape the world into what it is today. It focuses specifically on the changes in Western Europe between 1450 and 1670, as this was a period of significant development. As with any other model or theory, however, Wallerstein's has its own set of strengths and weaknesses that can be demonstrated by evaluating ...

“Recessions are easily recognizable from a decrease in GDP. What really should interest us, however, is the difference between the potential of an economy and its actual performance” said Stiglitz in 2002. In the literature two approaches of productivity and efficiency analysis can be found, namely neoclassical approach and a frontier approach know as data envelopment analysis (DEA). Under neoc...

Macro-control is an important system of regulation in the body of socialist market economy; it plays a significant role in the social economy. To make it come into play, it is necessary for us to avoid the grave twists in the economy development. For the past few years, the unbalance of our economy development and the speculation makes a negative effect to the normal development of socialist ec...

The two-volume report describes the development of, and provides information needed to operate, the Economic Growth Analysis System (E-GAS) model. The model will be used to project emissions inventories of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxides of nitrogen (NO X), and carbon monoxide (CO) for ozone nonattainment areas and Regional Oxidation Model (ROM) model-ing regions. The report details t...

The empirical relationship between trade protection and economic growth is surprisingly fragile, as shown in a number of other papers. After demonstrating this empirical sensitivity, we address one possible explanation for these findings: that the relationship is nonlinear. Following the endogenous growth literature, we test for the possibility that the relationship between trade barriers and g...

The rise of a transitions discourse in Dutch environmental policy is analysed. This new approach to environmental policy seeks radically more sustainable socio-technical systems. As such, its agenda constitutes the latest twist in attempts at ecological modernisation, aiming to decouple economic growth from harmful environmental degradation. The coalescence and influence of a transitions discou...

While a number of studies have addressed the economic cost associated with adverse health and productivity effects of poor indoor air quality (IAQ), few have addressed the value of economic expenditures and job creation associated with this industry. This article estimates that the annual sale of IAQ products and services is valued at $18-$30 billion and is associated with approximately 150,000...

It is universally accepted that Information Communication Technologies (ICT) offer immense opportunities for the comprehensive social and economic development of the people all over the world. Without its adoption, there is little chance for countries or regions to develop. However, the potential of ICT as a technology for promoting micro-enterprises by poor women is still unused in many countr...