In modeling drivers’ route choice in stochastic networks, several researchers havesuccessfully used exponential disutility functions. A usual justification for thesefunctions is that they are consistent with common sense and that they lead tosimpler computations than several other alternative disutility functions. In principle,such a justification leaves open a possibility t...

Group theoretical methods have important applications in many areas of condensed matter physics. As a first example, we present an investigation of “quadrupolar” phases in UPd3, a system which has a three-component order parameter resulting in an interesting phase diagram with an “octacritical” point. In our second example we discuss an unconventional (tetragonal) superconductor and show that t...

in this paper an exponentially fitted finite difference method is presented for solving singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems with the boundary layer. a fitting factor is introduced and the model equation is discretized by a finite difference scheme on an uniform mesh. thomas algorithm is used to solve the tri-diagonal system. the stability of the algorithm is investigated. it ...

Focussing on the prime example of CO2 emissions, we discuss several important theoretical and econometric problems that arise when studying environmental Kuznets curves (EKCs). The dominant theoretical approach is given by integrated assessment modelling, which consists of economic models that are combined with environmental impactmodels. We critically evaluate the aggregation, model dynamics a...

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In reinforcement learning as in many on line search techniques a large number of estimation parameters e g Q value estimates for step Q learning are maintained and dynamically updated as in formation comes to hand during the learning process Excessive variance of these estimators can be problematic resulting in uneven or unstable learning or even making e ective learning impossible Estimator va...

Quasicrystals have intrigued and stimulated research in a large number of disciplines. Mathematicians, physicists, chemists, metallurgists and materials scientists have found in them a fertile ground for new insights and discoveries. In the quarter century that has ensued since the publication of the experimental observation of a quasiperiodic Al-Mn alloy, many different kinds of quasiperiodic ...

CA2 (Continuum Analysis, 2- dimensional) is a computer program developed by the author. CA2 can solve a variety of complex geotechnical problems using explicit finite difference method. In this paper, an introduction will be given to the theoretical and numerical basis of the program and the capability of the code will be shown by solving a few interesting nonlinear and transient problems. Fina...

Connected Dominating Set is widely used as virtual backbone in wireless networks to improve network performance and optimize routing protocols. Based on special characteristics of ad-hoc and sensor networks, we usually use unit disk graph to represent the corresponding geometrical structures, where each node has a unit transmission range and two nodes are said to be adjacent if the distance bet...