The molecular and cellular processes driving the formation of secondary lymphoid tissues have been extensively studied using a combination of mouse knockouts, lineage-specific reporter mice, gene expression analysis, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. However, the mechanisms driving the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid tissue (TLT) experimental techniques have proven to be mor...

prohibitins are chaperone proteins highly conserved among eukaryotes. many different functions have been attributed to prohibitins depending on their tissue expression and sub-cellular localization. prohibitins play a major role in mitochondrial physiology, regulating the stability and the processing of both respiratory chain complex subunits and opa1, a mitochondrial fusion regulating protein....

In the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) experimentation, the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an electrode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, we designed an experimental method ...

Insulin potentiation therapy (IPT) is an unproven adjunct to cancer chemotherapy that uses insulin followed by sub-therapeutic doses of chemotherapy or other medications well below their proven efficacy. Theoretically, IPT boosts the pharmacologic efficacy of medications by increasing uptake into the cells of the body. During IPT enough insulin is given to induce hypoglycemic shock (perspiratio...

Streptokinase and urokinase have proved to be useful in a limited number of clinical conditions. Mainly because of the risk and unpredictability of bleeding with this first generation of thrombolytic agents, thrombolysis has not been ingrained in medical practice. In the interim, more fibrin-specific thrombolytic agents have been developed such as acylated streptokinase-human plasminogen comple...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the western world. Heart failure is a heterogeneous and complex syndrome, arising from various etiologies, which result in cellular phenotypes that vary from patient to patient. The ability to utilize genetic manipulation and biochemical experimentation in animal models has made them indispensable in the study of this chronic condition. Si...

A fellow of Cambridge University explores the implications of the British Department of Health's 1987 white paper on "Human Fertilisation and Embryology: A Framework for Legislation." The paper proposes the creation of a statutory authority to license experiments on human embryos in vitro during the first 14 days after fertilization, after which any surviving embryos would have to be destroyed...

Human error in computer systems has been blamed for many military and civilian catastrophes resulting in mission failure and loss of money and lives. However, the root cause of such failures often lies in the system's design. A central theme in designing for human-error tolerance is to build a multi-layered defense. Creating such a robust system requires that designers effectively manage severa...