Intradialytic body temperature changes are governed by the thermal energy balance and heat capacity of the body. Resting energy expenditure is dissipated to the environment by evaporation, conduction and radiation. Homeostatic mechanisms maintain body temperature to an individual set-point by changing the radiative heat loss through vasoconstriction and vasodilatation. During haemodialysis, the...

The development of urban areas by densification of the existing urban infrastructure and setting up of new dwellings raises the question of spatial and temporal distribution of energy supplies to provide thermal comfort. Urban development projects are indeed not necessarily coordinated and may unexpectedly appear, either through new building projects or by opportunistic study of key area, or by...

The energy released in a solar flare is partitioned between thermal and nonthermal particle energy and lost to thermal conduction and radiation over a broad range of wavelengths. It is difficult to determine the conductive losses and the energy radiated at transition region temperatures during the impulsive phases of flares. We use UVCS measurements of O VI photons produced by 5 flares and subs...

Contemporary theory for thermal adaptation of ectothermic metazoans focuses on the maximization of energy gain and performance (locomotion and foraging). Little consideration is given to the selection for mechanisms that minimize resting energy loss in organisms whose energy gain is severely constrained. We tested a hypothetical framework for thermal performance of locomotor activity (a proxy f...

The study of anomalous longitudinal profiles of extensive air showers presents an interesting opportunity to gain additional insight about the character of hadronic interactions at the highest energies. Moreover, the presence of such profiles would represent direct evidence of a light component in the primary cosmic rays of a given energy, independently of hadronic interaction models. The ratio...

Shock initiated chemical reaction experiments have been performed on a 1:l atomic ratio mixture of 20to 45,um nickel and 325 mesh crystalline silicon powders. It has been observed that no detectable or only minor surface reactions occur between the constituents until a thermal energy threshold is reached, above which the reaction goes to completion. The experiments show the energy difference be...

an investigation on the thermal performance of the soil as geothermal heat energy storage medium has been conducted. the thermal characteristics of the soil storage and the heat transfer from a heat exchanger in the soil, surrounding and bottom surface will be discussed. this investigation forms a contribution to a project to realize such storage to be charged from a solar heating system. this ...

an experimental and theoretical energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a cylindrical cavity receiver employed in a parabolic dish collector. based on simultaneous energy and exergy analysis, the receiver average wall temperature and overall heat transfer coefficient were determined. a simplified nusselt number for heat transfer fluid (htf) through the receiver as a function of reynolds an...

A detailed understanding of thermal transport at the nanoscale is becoming increasingly needed. This need is largely being driven by two distinct technological challenges. First, continuous miniaturization of electronic devices and the ever-increasing density of the components on integrated circuits (ICs) place ever-increasing thermal loads on systems. Indeed, it is now necessary to make therma...

Active heat flow control is essential for broad applications of heating, cooling, and energy conversion. Like electronic devices developed for the control of electric power, it is very desirable to develop advanced all-thermal solid-state devices that actively control heat flow without consuming other forms of energy. Here we demonstrate temperature-gated thermal rectification using vanadium di...