Noble gas analysis can be performed on two types of ice core samples. First, atmospheric air, trapped in bubbles in polar ice, can be extracted and analyzed for its noble gas composition. Variations in the isotopic and elemental composition of noble gases reveal changes in the composition of the paleoatmosphere or the impact of climate-related physical processes acting when the air was enclosed...

The origin and evolution of Venus’, Earth’s, Mars’ and Titan’s atmospheres are discussed from the time when the active young Sun arrived at the Zero-Age-Main-Sequence. We show that the high EUV flux of the young Sun, depending on the thermospheric composition, the amount of IR-coolers and the mass and size of the planet, could have been responsible that hydrostatic equilibrium was not always ma...

Buffer type, pH and ionic strength, as well as the fraction of polyvinylpyrrolidone were optimized for efficient extraction of b-galactosidase from almond seeds. The enzyme was purified up to electrophoretic homogeneity employing (NH4)2SO4 (15–60 %) fractionation, size exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular mass of b-galactosidase as estimated by gel filtration and SDS-PAGE was ap...

Cells producing Rous sarcoma virus contain virus-specific ribonucleic acid (RNA) which can be identified by hybridization to single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized with RNA-directed DNA polymerase. Hybridization was detected by either fractionation on hydroxyapatite or hydrolysis with single strand-specific nucleases. Similar results were obtained with both procedures. The hybr...

This review summarizes developments and applications of flow and thermal field-flow fractionation (FFF) in the areas of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies. In the past 10 years, the use of these FFF techniques has extended beyond determining diffusion coefficients, hydrodynamic diameters, and molecular weights of standards. Complex samples as diverse as polysaccharides, prion particle...

Efficient release of fermentable sugars from the complex biomass structure such as second-generation or third-generation feedstocks by an appropriate enzymatic hydrolysis needs a prior fractionation. This process facilitates exposure more cellulose and hemicelluloses for hydrolysis. review focused on ‘green fractionation’ applying principles green chemistry bioethanol production. Besides, recen...

Interaction between radiation and Adriamycin damage reduced the width of the shoulder of the X-ray survival curve. This effect was found to persist for at least 24 hr after Adriamycin treatment. Adriamycin did not affect radiation damage when cells were treated either before two-dose fractionation or with the drug present between X-ray exposures. Adriamycin is unique in that its major effect on...

Phyllosilicates may trap hydrogen (H2) in the crust, but they also produce it through various processes, including oxidative dehydrogenation. The dehydrogenation temperature depends on type and composition of phyllosilicates considered, be as low 300 °C. Here, we document release H2 CO during thermal treatment chloritite (300 °C) talc (500 from Trimouns deposits (Eastern Pyrenees, France). Ther...

Homoacetogenic bacteria are versatile microbes that use the acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) pathway to synthesize acetate from CO2 and hydrogen. Likewise, the acetyl-CoA pathway may be used to incorporate other 1-carbon substrates (e.g., methanol or formate) into acetate or to homoferment monosaccharides completely to acetate. In this study, we analyzed the fractionation of pure acetogenic cultu...