We show that the interface between gold and thermally formed cuprous oxide, which emits terahertz radiation when illuminated with ultrafast femtosecond lasers, is in fact an AuCu/Cu₂O interface due to the formation of the thermal diffusion alloy AuCu. The alloy enables the formation of a Schottky-barrier-like electric field near the interface which is essential to explain the THz emission from ...

Numerous biometeorological indices have been developed to account for the thermal stresses encountered by the human body in varying ambient environments. The models from which these indices have been devised are often based on fundamental physics and incorporate factors such as the fluxes of heat and moisture from bare skin, the influence of clothing on these fluxes, and the impacts of radiant ...

The ability of nonlinear optical phase-conjugate mirrors (PCM's) to correct for linear refractive-index inhomogeneities has been demonstrated both theoretically1'2 and experimentally.2 Propagation media often possess intensity-dependent indices of refraction that cause severe propagation distortion, such as thermal blooming and self-focusing. These distortions are often manifested in high-inten...

Global warming will unquestionably increase the impact of heat on individuals who work in already hot workplaces in hot climate areas. The increasing prevalence of this environmental health risk requires the improvement of assessment methods linked to meteorological data. Such new methods will help to reveal the size of the problem and design appropriate interventions at individual, workplace a...

The thermal environment in poultry housing is a primary influence on production efficiency and live performance. Heavy broilers (body weight > 3.2 kg) typically require high ventilation rates to maintain thermal comfort and production efficiency. However, large birds are observed to pant in mild to moderate thermal conditions, indicating that upper critical temperatures may be lower at larger b...

High resolution thermal infrared imaging is a pioneering method giving indices of sympathetic activity via the contact-free recording of facial tissues (thermal imprints). Compared to established stress markers, the great advantage of this method is its non-invasiveness. The goal of our study was to pilot the use of thermal infrared imaging in the classical setting of human stress research. The...

Deteriorated urban microclimate and poor outdoor thermal comfort is an increasing problem in cities in the tropics due to the combined effect of urban and global warming. Microclimate measurements (wind speed, air temperature and humidity, and globe temperature) were carried out in different parts of the warm-humid city Guayaquil, Ecuador. Simultaneously about 400 persons were asked for their s...

It is shown that nonlinear interactions between boundary layers on adjacent corner surfaces produce deterministic stream wise spiral structures. The synchronization properties of nonlinear spectral velocity equations of Lorenz form yield clearly defined deterministic spiral structures at several downstream stations. The computational procedure includes Burg’s method to obtain power spectral den...