Oxygen nonstoichiometry, electrical conductivity and thermal expansion of La2-xSrxNiO4- phases with high levels of strontium substitution (1 ≤ x ≤ 1.4) have been investigated in air and oxygen atmosphere in the temperature range 20-1050 °C. These phases retain the K2NiF4-type structure of La2NiO4 (tetragonal, space group I4/mmm). The oxygen vacancy fraction was determined independently from th...

This paper reports on the detection of nano-scale chemical variations in photosensitive polymers and biological variations in ovarian cancerous tumor cells that have been accomplished for the first time using scanning thermal probes that we have developed. A probe of 250 μm length, 50 μm width, and 3 μm thickness has a measured spring constant of 0.082 N/m. Lateral spatial resolution of <50 nm,...

In this paper we study the effective thermal behaviour of 3D representative volume elements (RVEs) of two-phased composite materials constituted by a matrix with cylindrical and spherical inclusions distributed randomly, with periodic boundaries. Variations around the shape of inclusions have been taken into account, by corrugating shapes, excavating and/or by removing pieces of inclusions. The...

[1] Summer thermal structure and winds over Asia show a larger land-ocean thermal gradient in the upper than in the lower troposphere, implying a bigger role of the upper troposphere in driving the Asian summer monsoon circulation. Using data from atmospheric re-analyses and model simulations, we show that the land-ocean thermal contrast in the mid-upper (200–500 hPa) troposphere (TCupper) cont...

BACKGROUND Extreme heat events are the number one cause of weather-related fatalities in the United States. The current system of alert for extreme heat events does not take into account intra-urban spatial variation in risk. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a potential method to improve spatial delineation of risk from extreme heat events in urban environments by integrating sociodemog...

Although thermal performance is widely recognised to be pivotal in determining species' distributions, assessment of this performance is often based on laboratory-acclimated individuals, neglecting their proximate thermal history. The thermal history of a species sums the evolutionary history and, importantly, the thermal events recently experienced by individuals, including short-term acclimat...

The agro-climatic environments in subtropical islands around Japan were analyzed by using meteorological data (average for 1971–2000). This study found that the horizontal distribution of monthly mean temperatures in both the subtropical islands and Japan’s main islands can be expressed accurately as a function of latitude for all seasons. These relationships cannot be applied to the monthly me...

Introduction: The particle size of surficial materials may provide important clues about the history of erosion, transport, and depositional processes that have acted to form the deposit. Particle size may also provide a valuable clue about the genesis of those deposits. On Mars, most of the surface is covered with at least a thin coating of various particulate materials that tend to obscure di...

a one–dimensional, transient and thermal degradation model for predicting responses of composite materials when are exposed to the fire is presented. the presented model simulates ablation of composites with different layers of materials and considers material properties as functions of temperature. the reactions are modeled by using arrhenius-type parameters and density-temperature diagrams wh...