BACKGROUND Although Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a preventable and treatable disease it still often remains undiagnosed during life. OBJECTIVES To create practical guidelines for diagnosis, management and prevention of the disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, Cochrane Library. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1 The clinical diagnosis of WE should take into account the d...

Micronutrient deficiencies in Crohn's disease (CD) patients are not uncommon and usually result in a combination of reduced dietary intake, disease-related malabsorption, and a catabolic state. Decreased serum thiamine levels are often reported in patients with CD. Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a severe form of thiamine deficiency that can cause serious neurologic complications. Although WE...

J t oduction T?I!amine, vitamin Bl, is essential for aerobic glucose metabolism. Thiamine deficiency (TD), a frequent complication of alcoholism caused by decreased thiamine absorption, may result in brain damage known as Wernicke’s encephalopathy. In chronic alcoholics, neurobehavioral deficits related to TD and brain glucose metabolism have been shown to recover during abstinence. However, th...

The growth of Pasteurella haemolytica strain H44L was studied under aerobic conditions in a medium of acid-hydrolyzed casein, supplementary cysteine, inorganic salts, vitamins, and a carbon source. The concentration of casein hydrolysate necessary for optimal growth was 1.5 or 2.0%, depending upon the carbon source employed. Essential vitamins were calcium pantothenate, nicotinamide, and thiami...

Using an animal model of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, in which rats were submitted to a chronic ethanol treatment with or without a thiamine deficiency episode, the glutamate uptake in the prefrontal cortex and spatial memory aspects were studied. It was found that (i) thiamine deficiency, but not chronic ethanol consumption, induced a significant decrease of glutamate uptake; (ii) thiamine-def...

BACKGROUND Thiamine deficiency is thought to be an issue in Cambodia and throughout Southeast Asia due to frequent clinical reports of infantile beriberi. However the extent of this public health issue is currently unknown due to a lack of population-representative data. Therefore we assessed the thiamine status (measured as erythrocyte thiamine diphosphate concentrations; eThDP) among a repres...

BACKGROUND The clinical characteristics distinguishing treatable thiamine transporter-2 deficiency (ThTR2) due to SLC19A3 genetic defects from the other devastating causes of Leigh syndrome are sparse. METHODS We report the clinical follow-up after thiamine and biotin supplementation in four children with ThTR2 deficiency presenting with Leigh and biotin-thiamine-responsive basal ganglia dise...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the effect of pasteurisation and sterilization of model systems of minced chicken meat in the presence of low or high-oxidised pork lard, soy and sunflower oil, as well as casein hydrolysate and rosemary extract, on losses of thiamine in model systems. METHODS In the samples, the thiamine content was analysed periodically by thiochromium method...

Genes encoding high-affinity folate- and thiamine-binding proteins (FolT, ThiT) were identified in the Lactobacillus casei genome, expressed in Lactococcus lactis, and functionally characterized. Similar genes occur in many Firmicutes, sometimes next to folate or thiamine salvage genes. Most thiT genes are preceded by a thiamine riboswitch.

Wernicke's encephalopathy, a disorder with significant mortality and high morbidity, is common amongst alcohol-dependent patients. Thiamine deficiency appears to play a key role in its aetiology, and parenteral high-dose thiamine is effective in prophylaxis and treatment. Unfortunately, reports of rare anaphylactoid reactions have led to a dramatic reduction in the use of parenteral thiamine, a...