STUDY OBJECTIVE Although preoxygenation for emergency airway management is usually performed with nonrebreather face masks or bag-valve-mask devices, some clinicians also deliver supplemental high-flow oxygen by nasal cannula. We aim to measure the efficacy of supplemental nasal cannula oxygen delivery to conventional bag-valve-mask and nonrebreather face mask preoxygenation both with and witho...

This paper presents wavelength configurable on-chip solid-state ring lasers fabricated by a single-mask standard lithography. The single- and coupled-ring resonator hosts were fabricated on a fused-silica wafer and filled with 3,3'-Diethyloxacarbocyanine iodide (CY3), Rhodamine 6G (R6G), and 3,3'-Diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (CY5)-doped polymer as the reconfigurable gain media. The recorded...

Corresponding Author: Mohd Zamri Osman Department of Computer Science, Information Assurance and Security Research Group (IASRG), Faculty of Computing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Email: [email protected] Abstract: This paper presents a skin colour detection based on an improved dynamic threshold method to reduce false skin detection. Current fixed threshold sk...

In wavelet-based image coding, a variety of masking properties have been exploited that result in spatially-adaptive quantization schemes. It has been shown that carefully selecting uniform quantization step-sizes across entire wavelet subbands or subband codeblocks results in considerable gains in efficiency with respect to visual quality. These gains have been achieved through analysis of wav...

Contrast detection is impaired in amblyopes. To understand the contrast processing deficit in amblyopia, we studied the effects of masking noise on contrast threshold in amblyopic macaque monkeys. Amblyopia developed as a result of either experimentally induced strabismus or anisometropia. We used random spatiotemporal broadband noise of varying contrast power to mask the detection of sinusoida...

The existence of analytic threshold nonlinearities was probed with 2AFC incremental threshold functions for both local and extended test patterns on stationary matched pedestals of the same and opposite sign. In contrast to the facilitation effect with same-sign pedestals, sensitivity with opposite-sign pedestals first deteriorated up to the mask detection level, abruptly improved and then dete...

Superimposition of oriented grating masks on vernier targets results in bimodal patterns of vernier threshold elevation, with peaks occurring on either side of vernier target orientation. These bimodal masking effects suggest a contribution to vernier acuity from spatial filters tuned to orientations on either side of the target. We report similar bimodal threshold elevation with plaid masks co...

With its head steadied within a form-fitting mask, a macaque was first taught to signal when it detected the application of 0.2-ms electrical pulses at 50 Hz through electrodes chronically implanted within its striate cortex. Stimuli were then applied via a movable microelectrode and the threshold for the animal’s detection determined at intervals of 50-250 micrometers. With permanently implant...

Masked logic styles use a random mask bit to de-correlate the power consumption of the circuit from the state of the algorithm. The effect of the random mask bit is that the circuit switches between two complementary states with a different power profile. Earlier work has shown that the mask-bit value can be estimated from the power consumption profile, and that masked logic remains susceptible...

We provide a general notion of a Digital Derivative in 1−dimensional grids, which has real or integer-only versions. From any such masks, a family of masks called skipping masks are defined. We prove general results of multigrid convergence for skipping masks. We propose a few examples of digital derivative masks, including the now well-known binomial mask. The corresponding skipping masks auto...