The paper describes the use of trade-off information to create effective stock portfolio characterized by the desired values of selected stock attributes. The basic notions behind such a process of portfolio creation are discussed and related to multi attribute analysis which is done by evaluating compensations among the attributes’ values. A framework to construct a portfolio using only compen...

In many natural or artificial settings, agility and resilience are contradictory properties of agents and populations. The settings one can imagine for this contradiction include very different objects such as computer software (agile code is small, runs fast but is more vulnerable to attacks and failures, while resilient code can be bulky and run slowly but has built-in redundancy and robustne...

Security trade-offs have previously been established for one-way bit commitment. We study this trade-off in two superselection settings. We show that for an ‘abelian’ superselection rule (exemplified by particle conservation) the standard trade-off between sealing and binding properties still holds. For the non-abelian case (exemplified by angular momentum conservation) the security trade-off c...

Many practical optimization problems usually have several conflicting objectives. In those multi-objective optimization, no solution optimizing all objective functions simultaneously exists in general. Instead, Pareto optimal solutions, which are “efficient” in terms of all objective functions, are introduced. In general we have many Pareto optimal solutions. Therefore, we need to decide a fina...

This article uses models to propose an explanation for three observations in community ecology: the apparent overreaction of prey to attack by specialist predators, the existence of a common trade-off among components of competitive ability in communities of unrelated competitors, and the ability of invading species to break the native trade-off. Strategies that increase resource collection abi...

Competition theory predicts that multispecies coexistence requires that species have traits that fall on the same interspecific trade-off surface. Fossil records for mollusks, mammals, trees, and other taxa show that with rare exception, ecologically similar species have coexisted for a million years or more after interchange between formerly isolated realms. This coexistence suggests the possi...

Behaviors recruit multiple, mutually substitutable types of cognitive resources (e.g., data acquisition and memorization in comparative visual search), and the allocation of resources is performed in a cost-optimizing way. If costs associated with each type of resource are manipulated, e.g., by varying the complexity of the items studied or the visual separation of the arrays to be compared, ac...

we investigated the effects of interaction between cotesia plutellae (kurdjumov) and bacillus thuringiensis berliner on parasitism and an immune effector (phenoloxidase activity) of a bt-susceptible and a bt-resistant population of plutella xylostella (linnaeus) in laboratory. parasitism success of c. plutellae varied depending on the use of b. thuringiensis or its toxin, and the timing of appl...

We continuously face the dilemma of choosing between actions that gather new information or actions that exploit existing knowledge. This "exploration-exploitation" trade-off depends on the environment: stability favors exploiting knowledge to maximize gains; volatility favors exploring new options and discovering new outcomes. Here we set out to reconcile recent evidence for dopamine's involve...