Toll-like Receptor 3 (TLR3) is a pathogen pattern recognition receptor that plays a key role in innate immunity. TLR3 signalling has numerous functions in liver, both in health and disease. Here we report that TLR3 is expressed by quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC) where it functions to induce transcription and secretion of functional interferons as well as a number of other cytokines and c...

Toll-like receptors (TLR) have been shown to be expressed on various types of cancers; however, their functional activity is not known. We examined TLR profiles of human melanoma cells and showed that TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 were found to be highly expressed. By PCR array analysis, specific stimulation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 on melanoma cells showed significant activation of the adaptor protein M...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) triggers immune-mediated responses through toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is involved in innate antiviral defense. Low expression of TLR3 was recently suggested to contribute to susceptibility to rotavirus infection. Thus, we investigated the role of two TLR3 polymorphisms (rs3775291 and rs5743305), both of which resulted in reduced protein function or expression...

Injury to the skin, and the subsequent release of noncoding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) from necrotic keratinocytes, has been identified as an endogenous activator of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). As changes in keratinocyte growth and differentiation follow injury, we hypothesized that TLR3 might trigger some elements of the barrier repair program in keratinocytes. dsRNA was observed to induce T...

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 is a transcription factor that binds the interferon-sensitive response element (ISRE) and is activated by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR4. We have found that a dominant negative form of I kappa B kinase 2 and a mutant form of I kappa B, which acts as a super-repressor of NF-kappa B, blocked activation of the ISRE by the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide bu...

This article refers to:A porous Co(II)–MOF for selective C2H2/CO2 separation and treatment activity on virus-induced COPD via reducing tlr3 gene expression

In this study, cDNA of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3, 7 and 9 were synthesized and completely sequenced. The coding regions of cDNA for bat TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 were 2,718, 3,150 and 3,090 bp in length, respectively. The open reading frames encoded 905, 1,049 and 1,029 amino acids for TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9, respectively. The nucleotide sequences, predicted amino acid sequences and predicted domain s...

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is produced during the replication cycle of most viruses and triggers antiviral immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, the molecular mechanisms and subcellular compartments associated with dsRNA-TLR3-mediated signaling are largely unknown. Here we show that c-Src tyrosine kinase is activated by dsRNA in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, ...

Viral infection is detected by the innate immune system which mounts a rapid semi-selective defence involving inflammation and production of type 1 interferons. Several sensors, both cell surface and intracellular, exist to detect different types of viral motifs. Double-stranded RNA viruses and dsRNA replication intermediates are detected by tolllike receptor 3 (TLR3) as well as by retinoid-ind...

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are signaling receptors in the innate immune system that is a specific immunologic response to systemic bacterial infection. We investigated whether cerebral ischemia induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h differed in mice that lack a functional TLR3, TLR4, or TLR9 signaling pathway. TLR4, but not TLR3 or TLR9, knock-out (KO) mice had significa...