The tooth is an ectodermal organ that arises from a tooth germ under the regulation of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Tooth morphogenesis occurs in the tooth-forming field as a result of reaction-diffusion waves of specific gene expression patterns. Here, we developed a novel mechanical ligation method for splitting tooth germs to artificially regulate the molecules that contro...

BACKGROUND Tooth replacement rate can be calculated in extinct animals by counting incremental lines of deposition in tooth dentin. Calculating this rate in several taxa allows for the study of the evolution of tooth replacement rate. Sauropod dinosaurs, the largest terrestrial animals that ever evolved, exhibited a diversity of tooth sizes and shapes, but little is known about their tooth repl...

BACKGROUND An upsurge of herbal products in various catalogues of fast moving consumer goods is evident. Dental creams or pastes which have numerous brands since years, have addition of many more herbal tooth pastes. Main claim of these herbal tooth pastes being effective reduction in cavities and plaque control. Proven fact is that proper brushing with a tooth brush and tooth paste brings down...

Background: Traumatic injury to primary teeth is a very common phenomenon as kids are often involved in facial trauma, and because the central incisors hold a prominent position in the facial profile. The standard of treatment is to extract the teeth if severely mobile or to leave them if stable. Of interest is the effect of the injury to the developing permanent dentition. These effects can ra...

to report the oral findings, including dental anomalies, ectopic eruption of the maxillary permanent first molars and periodontal disease and soft tissue alterations, in a subject with apert syndrome. clinical and radiographic examination of a patient with apert syndrome, aged 21 years old, not previously submitted for orthodontic or orthognathic treatment. dental anomalies were present in a pa...

Excavations from a 7,000-year-old mortuary site in the Lake Baikal region of Siberia, Russian Federation, revealed an infant with osteomyelitis of the mandible. The lesion exhibits deformation of the anterior mandibular base, an extra-oral cloaca, and new periosteal bone layers on the corpus. Entry of oral microorganisms was likely via the deciduous left canine, with infection then concentrated...

A detail field and microscopic characteristics of Malayer Plutonic Rocks (162-187Ma), west of Iran, are discussed in details to evaluate relationships between deformation and pluton emplacement. The studied rocks were injected into the slate, phyllite and schists of so called "Hamadan phyllites and slates" in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. Studies have shown that there is a continuity from magmatic ...

background & aim: the artificial teeth are produced with same standards for all the ethnics and countries in the world. the purpose of this study was to establish a normative size distribution in a group of students and staffs of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences. methods & materials: 320 individuals participated in this descriptive study. a vernier caliper was used to measure the ...