Non-Carious Cervical Lesion (NCCL) is the loss of hard tooth tissue at the cement-enamel junction not caused by caries and it was categorized in V-shape and saucer-shape according to the shape of the lesion on the plat surface. NCCLs often occurred on the buccal or labial surfaces of the teeth, especially the first premolars [1]. The tendency of distribution of NCCLs which maxillary teeth were ...

Secondary bone grafting in the alveolar cleft is performed to improve alveolar shape, guide permanent tooth eruption or move permanent teeth in the alveolar cleft area, and improve a concaved base in the nasal wing [1]. Such bone grafting is typically conducted 6-9 years before canine tooth eruption [2]. However, in some cases, patients obtain their permanent dentition without receiving bone gr...

For patients who require removal of anterior teeth due to periodontal problems there are a multitude of treatment considerations. Using the natural tooth as a pontic offers the benefits of being the right size, shape and color. This paper describes the immediate replacement of an anterior tooth using a preimpregnated fiber-reinforced composite with the natural tooth as the pontic. The abutment ...

A key objective in understanding the dentition of mammals is the ability to predict the function of teeth from their shape. Very few studies have used dental measurements that allow the prediction of comparative tooth effectiveness, particularly when modification in shape due to tooth wear is considered. Here, dental parameters are used in which a change in the parameter is readily interpretabl...

Since the present author first became involved in computational fluid dynamics, around 1970, the landscape has changed dramatically. At that time, panel methods had just come into use, and the world’s fastest super computer, the Control data 6600, had only 131000 words of memory (about 1 megabyte). Prior to the break-through of Murman and Cole [1970], no viable algorithms for computing transoni...

Microlenses are highly attractive for optical applications such as super resolution and photonic nanojets, but their design is more demanding than the one of larger lenses because resonance effects play an important role, which forces one to perform a full wave analysis. Although mostly spherical microlenses were studied in the past, they may have various shapes and their optimization is highly...

Dental anomalies are common congenital malformations that can occur either as isolated findings or as part of a syndrome. This review focuses on genetic causes of abnormal tooth development and the implications of these abnormalities for clinical care. As an introduction, we describe general insights into the genetics of tooth development obtained from mouse and zebrafish models. This is follow...

this study focuses on the optimization of the plane structure. sequential quadratic programming (sqp) will be utilized, which is one of the most efficient methods for solving nonlinearly constrained optimization problems. a new formulation for the second order sensitivity analysis of the two-dimensional finite element will be developed. all the second order required derivatives will be calculat...

Graph theory based methods are powerful means for representing structural systems so that their geometry and topology can be understood clearly. The combination of graph theory based methods and some metaheuristics can offer effective solutions for complex engineering optimization problems. This paper presents a Charged System Search (CSS) algorithm for the free shape optimizations of thin-wall...

the most promising method for micro scale energy scavenging is via vibration energy harvesting which converts mechanical energy to electrical energy by the effect of coupling between electric fields and mechanical variables. using piezoelectric cantilevers is the most common method for vibration energy harvesting. changing the shape of the cantilevers can lead to changing the generated output v...