In pharmaceutical industry, various controlled released dosage forms like solid formulation, semi solid formulation and topical preparation have more importance due to efficacy and patient compliance. Topical preparations have some disadvantages like unpleasant odour, greasiness and skin irritation and fail to reach the systemic circulation in sufficient amounts in few cases. This problem is ov...

Extracts from the seed of the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) have traditionally been used to treat patients with chronic venous insufficiency and to alleviate its associated symptoms, including lower leg swelling. The efficacy of preparations that contain horse chestnut seed extract (HCSE) is believed to be due largely to an inhibitory effect on the catalytic breakdown of capillary ...

Early post-burn ischemic necrosis of the skin is of particular interest in modern burn research. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that blood perfusion could be improved by the topical application of vasoactive substances. A sample of 55 wistar rats was used to investigate the effect of 0,4% nitroglycerin ointment (Rectogesic(®)) comparatively to no application and placebo. T...

results of 162 people that were interviewed, 90 (55.6%) patients were male and the other were female. of these, 74 (45.7%) patients were single and 88 (54.3%) were married. forty-three (26.5%) participants lived in the city. the average age of participants was 11.51 ± 29.11 years. there is no significant relationship between age, gender, education level, residence, and people familiar with the ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether older patients with chronic knee pain should be advised to use topical or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). DESIGN Randomised controlled trial and patient preference study. SETTING 26 general practices. PARTICIPANTS People aged > or =50 with knee pain: 282 in randomised trial and 303 in preference study. INTERVENTIONS Advice to use topic...

Scanning electron microscopy was found to be of considerable use in evaluating the effects of various commonly used drugs, vehicles, and preservatives on the corneal surface. Of the preparations tested 0.3 per cent gentamicin caused many central cellular microvilli to stand up prominently. Moderate losses of peripheral microvilli, with mild superficial cellular desquamation was noted with 0.25 ...

Background: Self-medication is defined as the selection of medicines by individuals to treat self-diagnosed ophthalmic symptoms without consultation healthcare professionals. Topical steroids can produce severe eye-threatening complications, including elevation intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible development glaucoma and infrequent optic nerve damage. In recent times, many over-the-counter...