In hemoglobin Richmond (beta102 leads to Lys), amino acid substitution has occurred at the same site as the mutation in hemoglobin Kansas (beta102 Asn leads to Thr), a variant with very low oxygen affinity. Although hemoglobin Richmond has been shown to have increased tetramer-dimer dissociation, its oxygen affinity has been inferred to be normal from studies on hemolysates of carriers. We have...

Pulmonate snails that experience extreme variations in gas tensions and temperatures possess extracellular, high-molecular mass (∼1.7 × 106 Da) hemoglobins (Hbs) that are little known as regards oxygenation and allosteric characteristics. Biomphalaria glabrata hemolymph exhibits a high O2 affinity (half-saturation O2 tension = 6.1 mmHg; pH 7.7, 25°C), pronounced Bohr effect (Bohr factor = -0.5)...

introduction: the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is a group of cell surface proteins that are essential for recognizing foreign molecules in human and other mammals. the physiologic function of mhc molecules is the presentation of peptides to t cells. in this study, we evaluated the purification of a class ii mhc molecule (hla-dr) from a human burkitt′s lymphoma cell line; daudi. materi...

Aromatic rings form energetically favorable interactions with many polar groups in chemical and biological systems. Recent molecular studies have shown that sulfonamides can chelate metal ions hydrogen bonds, however, it is presently not established whether the sulfonamide functionality also interacts aromatic rings. Here, synthetic, spectroscopic, structural, quantum analyses on 2,6-diarylbenz...

mainly into semisolid formulations such as ointment, cream and lotion and dermal patches such as pressure sensitive adhesive tapes and cataplasma. These topical formulations contain many kinds of pharmaceutical additives. Alcohols, glycols, l-menthol, mineral and vegetable oils and surfactants as well as polymeric additives are prescribed for skin penetration enhancers, drug solubilizers, drug ...